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CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · Horm Metab Res 2018; 50(12): 853-862
DOI: 10.1055/a-0723-9023
Review
Eigentümer und Copyright ©Georg Thieme Verlag KG 2018

Thyrotropin Receptor Blocking Antibodies

Tanja Diana
1   Molecular Thyroid Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine I, Johannes Gutenberg University (JGU) Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
,
Paul D. Olivo
2   Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
,
George J. Kahaly
1   Molecular Thyroid Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine I, Johannes Gutenberg University (JGU) Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
› Author Affiliations
Further Information

Publication History

received 04 June 2018

accepted 22 August 2018

Publication Date:
04 October 2018 (online)

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Abstract

Autoantibodies (Ab) against the thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR) are frequently found in autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD). Autoantibodies to the TSHR (anti-TSHR-Ab) may mimic or block the action of TSH or be functionally neutral. Measurement of anti-TSHR-Ab can be done either via competitive-binding immunoassays or with functional cell-based bioassays. Antibody-binding assays do not assess anti-TSHR-Ab functionality, but rather measure the concentration of total anti-TSHR binding activity. In contrast, functional cell-based bioassays indicate whether anti-TSHR-Ab have stimulatory or blocking activity. Historically bioassays for anti-TSHR-Ab were research tools and were used to study the pathophysiology of Graves’ disease and Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. In the past, bioassays for anti-TSHR-Abs were laborious and time-consuming and varied widely in performance from laboratory to laboratory. Recent advances in the development of cell-based assays, including the application of molecular engineering, have led to significant improvements that have enabled bioassays to be employed routinely in clinical laboratories. The prevalence and functional significance of TSHR blocking autoantibodies (TBAb) in autoimmune hypothyroidism has been less well investigated compared to TSHR stimulating Ab. There is an increasing body of data, however, that demonstrate the clinical utility and relevance of TBAb, and thus the importance of TBAb bioassays, in the diagnosis and management of patients with AITD. In the present review, we summarize the different methods used to measure TBAb, and discuss their prevalence and clinical relevance.

Key words

TSH receptor blocking autoantibodies - cell-based bioassay - binding assay - Hashimoto’s thyroiditis - Graves’ disease
 

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