Herzkatheterinterventionen beim Neugeborenen

Herzfehler sind mit einer Prävalenz von ungefähr 1 % die häufigsten angeborenen Fehlbildungen [1]. Bei kritischen angeborenen Herzfehlern (kAHF) ist eine rechtzeitige – meist kardiochirurgische – Therapie überlebenswichtig. Herzkatheterinterventionen können beim Neugeborenen dazu beitragen, den präoperativen Zustand und das OP-Ergebnis zu verbessern oder – seltener – eine OP zu vermeiden.

Kernaussagen

• Herzkatheterinterventionen haben einen festen Stellenwert in der Behandlung von Neugeborenen mit kritischen angeborenen Herzfehlern.

• Die Ballonvalvuloplastie der Pulmonalklappe stellt eine eigenständige Behandlung dar.

• Häufig sind Herzkatheterinterventionen beim Neugeborenen Teil eines Behandlungskonzeptes, bei dem operative Techniken zentral eingesetzt werden.

• Mit Hilfe von Herzkatheterinterventionen kann häufig der präoperative Zustand stabilisiert oder das OP-Ergebnis erhalten bzw. verbessert werden.

• In Zentren mit entsprechender Erfahrung können auch Eingriffe bei Neu- und sogar bei Frühgeborenen sicher und mit geringem Risiko durchgeführt werden.

• Vor allem nach Verwendung arterieller Zugänge im Neugeborenenalter müssen postinterventionell Gefäßverschlüsse sonografisch ausgeschlossen werden.

Schlüsselwörter

Neugeborenes - kritischer angeborener Herzfehler - Herzkatheterintervention

• Literatur

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