Orale Gesundheit in Mikrogravitation

Zusammenfassung

Die im Weltraum herrschenden Bedingungen stellen ein Risiko für die physische und psychische Integrität des menschlichen Körpers dar. Dass sowohl Kurzzeit- wie auch Langzeitaufenthalte in Schwerelosigkeit das Gleichgewicht des menschlichen Organismus gefährden und zu Störungen zum Beispiel des Herz-Kreislauf-, Muskel-, Knochen- und Immunsystems führen, ist gut dokumentiert. Im Gegensatz dazu wurden bisher nur wenige Studien publiziert, die sich mit der oralen Gesundheit unter Mikrogravitation und unter Raumflugbedingungen befassen. Die aeronautische Zahnmedizin als Teil der Weltraummedizin ist ein aufstrebendes Feld. Obwohl das Auftreten von zahnmedizinischen Ereignissen in der Raumfahrt bisher minimal war, wird bei Langzeitmissionen eine höhere Prävalenz für Karies, Parodontitis, Alveolarknochenverlust, Unterkieferfrakturen und Speichelsteine erwartet. Ursachen für dentale Probleme und deren Symptome sind vielfältig. Die zahnärztliche Behandlung unter Mikrogravitation ist eine Herausforderung und trotz Einschränkungen essenziell, um eine weitere Schädigung der menschlichen Gesundheit zu verhindern, einen möglichen Ausfall von Arbeitskräften zu begrenzen und schließlich den Missionserfolg sicherzustellen.

Abstract

With the foray of man into outer space, it was recognized that health issues of astronauts are of high importance. Exposure to microgravity during short- and long-duration space missions causes significant changes in body functions. Very few studies have been published on the effects of microgravity on the oral cavity. Aeronautical dentistry as a part of space medicine is an emerging science, which has been much neglected. Although the occurrence of dental injuries has been minimal so far, it is expected to increase significantly on long-term missions. It has been reported that dental caries, alveolar bone loss, fractures of jaw bones, periodontitis and stones of salivary duct are more prevalent in microgravity as compared to earth. Dental treatment under microgravity conditions is challenging and despite limitations, essential to preserve human health, to limit the loss of manpower, and finally to ensure mission success.

Key words

aeronautical dentistry - oral health - microgravity

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