Optimale Belastung zur Prävention und Rehabilitation von
                    Hamstring-Verletzungen

Ryan Timmins; Jack Hickey

doi:10.1055/a-0751-2339

Sportphysio, Inhaltsverzeichnis

Sportphysio 2018; 06(05): 208-215
DOI: 10.1055/a-0751-2339

Focus

Vertiefung

Optimale Belastung zur Prävention und Rehabilitation von Hamstring-Verletzungen

Ryan Timmins

,

Jack Hickey

Abstract

Zusammenfassung

Hamstring-Verletzungen werfen viele Sportler aus der Bahn. Neuere Untersuchungen haben ergeben, dass dafür neben kaum zu beeinflussenden Faktoren eine ungenügende exzentrische Kraft der Knieflexoren sowie verkürzte Faszikel des Caput longum des M. biceps femoris das Risiko für das Auftreten solcher Verletzungen erhöhen. Mit einem gezielten Reha-Programm können betroffene Sportler schneller wieder in den Sport zurückkehren. Die Autoren erklären, wann mit der aktiven Behandlung begonnen werden kann, welche Übungen am besten geeignet sind und nach welchen Kriterien die Progression erfolgen soll.

Volltext

Referenzen

Literatur
1 Bahr R, Clarsen B, Ekstrand J. Why we should focus on the burden of injuries and illnesses, not just their incidence. Br J Sports Med. 2017
2 Ekstrand J, Hagglund M, Kristenson K. et al. Fewer ligament injuries but no preventive effect on muscle injuries and severe injuries: An 11-year follow-up of the UEFA Champions League injury study. Br J Sports Med 2013; 47 (12) 732737 doi:10.1136/bjsports-2013–092394
3 Hickey J, Shield AJ, Williams MD. et al. The financial cost of hamstring strain injuries in the Australian Football League. Br J Sports Med 2014; 48 (08) 729730 doi:10.1136/bjsports-2013–092884
4 Verrall GM, Kalairajah Y, Slavotinek JP. et al. Assessment of player performance following return to sport after hamstring muscle strain injury. J Sci Med Sport 2006; 9 (12) 8790 doi:10.1016/j.jsams.2006.03.007
5 Ekstrand J, Walden M, Hagglund M. Hamstring injuries have increased by 4 % annually in men’s professional football, since 2001: A13-year longitudinal analysis of the UEFA elite club injury study. Br J Sports Med 2016; 50 (12) 731737 doi:10.1136/bjsports-2015–095359
6 Hagglund M, Walden M, Ekstrand J. Previous injury as a risk factor for injury in elite football: A prospective study over two consecutive seasons. Br J Sports Med 2006; 40 (09) 767772 doi:10.1136/bjsm.2006.026609
7 Opar D, Williams M, Timmins R. et al. Eccentric hamstring strength and hamstring injury risk in Australian footballers. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 2015; 47 (04) 857865
8 Timmins RG, Bourne MN, Shield AJ. et al. Short biceps femoris fascicles and eccentric knee flexor weakness increase the risk of hamstring injury in elite football (soccer): A prospective cohort study. Br J Sports Med 2016; 50 (24) 15241535 doi:10.1136/bjsports-2015–095362
9 Croisier JL, Ganteaume S, Binet J. et al. Strength imbalances and prevention of hamstring injury in professional soccer players: A prospective study. American Journal of Sports Medicine 2008; 36 (08) 14691475 doi:10.1177/0363546508316764
10 Bourne MN, Timmins RG, Opar DA. et al. An evidence-based framework for strengthening exercises to prevent hamstring injury. Sports Med. 2017
11 Timmins RG, Ruddy JD, Presland J r. et al. Architectural changes of the biceps femoris long head after concentric or eccentric training. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 2016; 48 (03) 499508 doi:10.1249/MSS.0000000000000795
12 Timmins RG, Shield AJ, Williams MD. et al. Architectural adaptations of muscle to training and injury: A narrative review outlining the contributions by fascicle length, pennation angle and muscle thickness. Br J Sports Med 2016; 50 (23) 14671472 doi:10.1136/bjsports-2015–094881
13 Opar DA, Rio E. The juxtaposition of science and medicine in sport. Can we all play together nicely?. Br J Sports Med 2015; 49 (10) 640641 doi:10.1136/bjsports-2015–094819
14 Presland JD, Timmins RG, Bourne MN. et al. The effect of nordic hamstring exercise training volume on biceps femoris long head architectural adaptation. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports. 2018
15 Bourne MN, Duhig SJ, Timmins RG. et al. Impact of the nordic hamstring and hip extension exercises on hamstring architecture and morphology: Implications for injury prevention. Br J Sports Med 2017; 51 (05) 469477 doi:10.1136/bjsports-2016–096130
16 Petersen J, Thorborg K, Nielsen MB. et al. Preventive effect of eccentric training on acute hamstring injuries in men’s soccer: A cluster-randomized controlled trial. American Journal of Sports Medicine 2011; 39 (11) 22962303 doi:10.1177/0363546511419277
17 van der Horst N, Smits DW, Petersen J. et al. The preventive effect of the nordic hamstring exercise on hamstring injuries in amateur soccer players: A randomized controlled trial. American Journal of Sports Medicine. 2015
18 Bahr R, Thorborg K, Ekstrand J. Evidence-based hamstring injury prevention is not adopted by the majority of Champions League or Norwegian Premier League football teams: The nordic hamstring survey. Br J Sports Med 2015; 49 (22) 14661471 doi:10.1136/bjsports-2015–094826
19 Guex K, Degache F, Morisod C. et al. Hamstring architectural and functional adaptations following long vs. short muscle length eccentric training. Front Physiol 2016; 7: 340 doi:10.3389/fphys.2016.00340
20 Potier TG, Alexander CM, Seynnes OR. Effects of eccentric strength training on biceps femoris muscle architecture and knee joint range of movement. European Journal of Applied Physiology 2009; 105 (06) 939944 doi:10.1007/s00421–008–0980–7
21 Heiderscheit BC, Sherry MA, Silder A. et al. Hamstring strain injuries: Recommendations for diagnosis, rehabilitation, and injury prevention. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2010; 40 (02) 6781 doi:10.2519/jospt.2010.3047
22 Hagglund M, Walden M, Magnusson H. et al. Injuries affect team performance negatively in professional football: An 11-year follow-up of the UEFA Champions League injury study. Br J Sports Med 2013; 47 (12) 738742 doi:10.1136/bjsports-2013–092215
23 Alonso-Fernandez D, Docampo-Blanco P, Martinez-Fernandez J. Changes in muscle architecture of biceps femoris induced by eccentric strength training with nordic hamstring exercise. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2017
24 de Breno ARAJ, Marques VB, Vaz MA. et al. Four weeks of nordic hamstring exercise reduce muscle injury risk factors in young adults. J Strength Cond Res. 2017
25 Askling CM, Tengvar M, Tarassova O. et al. Acute hamstring injuries in Swedish elite sprinters and jumpers: A prospective randomised controlled clinical trial comparing two rehabilitation protocols. Br J Sports Med 2014; 48 (07) 53-539 doi:10.1136/bjsports-2013–093214
26 Askling CM, Tengvar M, Thorstensson A. Acute hamstring injuries in Swedish elite football: A prospective randomised controlled clinical trial comparing two rehabilitation protocols. Br J Sports Med 2013; 47 (15) 953959 doi:10.1136/bjsports-2013–092165
27 Brukner P. Hamstring injuries: Prevention and treatment – an update. Br J Sports Med. 2015
28 Schmitt B, Tim T, McHugh M. Hamstring injury rehabilitation and prevention of reinjury using lengthened state eccentric training: A new concept. International Journal Of Sports Physical Therapy 2012; 7 (03) 333341
29 Tyler TF, Schmitt BM, Nicholas SJ. et al. Rehabilitation after hamstring-strain injury emphasizing eccentric strengthening at long muscle lengths: Results of long-term follow-up. J Sport Rehabil 2017; 26 (02) 131140 doi:10.1123/jsr.2015–0099
30 Mendiguchia J, Martinez-Ruiz E, Edouard P. et al. A multifactorial, criteria-based progressive algorithm for hamstring injury treatment. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 2017
31 Sherry MA, Johnston TS, Heiderscheit BC. Rehabilitation of acute hamstring strain injuries. Clin Sports Med 2015; 34 (02) 263-284 doi:10.1016/j.csm.2014.12.009
32 Valle XJLT, Hamilton B, Rodas G. et al. Hamstring muscle injuries, a rehabilitation protocol purpose. Asian J Sports Med 2015; 6 (04) e25411 doi:10.5812/asjsm.25411
33 Hickey JT, Timmins RG, Maniar N. et al. Criteria for progressing rehabilitation and determining return-to-play clearance following hamstring strain injury: A systematic review. Sports Med 2017; 47 (07) 13751387 doi:10.1007/s40279–016–0667-x
34 Järvinen T., Järvinen TL, Kääriäinen M. et al. Muscle injuries: Biology and treatment. American Journal of Sports Medicine 2005; 33 (05) 745764 doi:10.1177/0363546505274714
35 Silbernagel KG, Thomee R, Eriksson BI. et al. Continued sports activity, using a pain-monitoring model, during rehabilitation in patients with Achilles tendinopathy: A randomized controlled study. Am J Sports Med 2007; 35 (06) 897906 doi:10.1177/0363546506298279
36 Silbernagel KG, Thomee R, Thomee P. et al. Eccentric overload training for patients with chronic Achilles tendon pain – a randomised controlled study with reliability testing of the evaluation methods. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2001; 11 (04) 197206
37 Thomee R. A comprehensive treatment approach for patellofemoral pain syndrome in young women. Phys Ther 1997; 77 (12) 16901703
38 Bayer ML, Magnusson SP, Kjaer M. Tendon Research Group, B. Early versus delayed rehabilitation after acute muscle injury. N Engl J Med 2017; 377 (13) 13001301 doi:10.1056/NEJMc1708134
39 Kilcoyne KG, Dickens JF, Keblish D. et al. Outcome of grade I and II hamstring injuries in intercollegiate athletes: A novel rehabilitation protocol. Sports Health 2011; 3 (06) 528533
40 Mendiguchia J, Brughelli M. A return-to-sport algorithm for acute hamstring injuries. Phys Ther Sport 2011; 12 (01) 214 doi:10.1016/j.ptsp.2010.07.003
41 Järvinen M. Healing of a crush injury in rat striated muscle. 2. A histological study of the effect of early mobilization and immobilization on the repair processes. Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand A 1975; 83 (03) 269282
42 Järvinen M. Healing of a crush injury in rat striated muscle. 3. A micro-angiographical study of the effect of early mobilization and immobilization on capillary ingrowth. Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand A 1976; a 84 (01) 8594
43 Järvinen M. Healing of a crush injury in rat striated muscle. 4. Effect of early mobilization and immobilization on the tensile properties of gastrocnemius muscle. Acta Chir Scand 1976; b 142 (01) 4756
44 Järvinen M, Sorvari T. Healing of a crush injury in rat striated muscle. 1. Description and testing of a new method of inducing a standard injury to the calf muscles. Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand A 1975; 83 (02) 259265
45 Järvinen MJ, Lehto MU. The effects of early mobilisation and immobilisation on the healing process following muscle injuries. Sports Med 1993; 15 (02) 7889
46 Tol JL, Hamilton B, Eirale C. et al. At return to play following hamstring injury the majority of professional football players have residual isokinetic deficits. Br J Sports Med 2014; 48 (18) 13641369 doi:10.1136/bjsports-2013–093016