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Int J Sports Med 2019; 40(01): 16-22
DOI: 10.1055/a-0781-2527
Physiology & Biochemistry
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Antioxidants Facilitate High–intensity Exercise IL–15 Expression in Skeletal Muscle

Alberto Pérez-López
1   Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Acalá de Henares, Spain
2   Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria - Campus de Tafira, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
,
Marcos Martin-Rincon
2   Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria - Campus de Tafira, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
3   Department of Physical Education, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
,
Alfredo Santana
2   Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria - Campus de Tafira, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
4   Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Insular-Materno Infantil de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Clinical Genetics Unit, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
,
Ismael Perez-Suarez
2   Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria - Campus de Tafira, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
3   Department of Physical Education, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
,
Cecilia Dorado
2   Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria - Campus de Tafira, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
3   Department of Physical Education, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
,
Jose A. L. Calbet
2   Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria - Campus de Tafira, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
3   Department of Physical Education, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
,
David Morales-Alamo
2   Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria - Campus de Tafira, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
3   Department of Physical Education, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
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accepted 19. Oktober 2018

Publikationsdatum:
29. November 2018 (online)

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Abstract

Interleukin (IL)-15 stimulates mitochondrial biogenesis, fat oxidation, glucose uptake and myogenesis in skeletal muscle. However, the mechanisms by which exercise triggers IL-15 expression remain to be elucidated in humans. This study aimed at determining whether high-intensity exercise and exercise-induced RONS stimulate IL-15/IL-15Rα expression and its signaling pathway (STAT3) in human skeletal muscle. Nine volunteers performed a 30-s Wingate test in normoxia and hypoxia (PIO2=75 mmHg), 2 h after placebo or antioxidant administration (α-lipoic acid, vitamin C and E) in a randomized double-blind design. Blood samples and muscle biopsies (vastus lateralis) were obtained before, immediately after, and 30 and 120 min post-exercise. Sprint exercise upregulated skeletal muscle IL-15 protein expression (ANOVA, P=0.05), an effect accentuated by antioxidant administration in hypoxia (ANOVA, P=0.022). In antioxidant conditions, the increased IL-15 expression at 120 min post-exercise (33%; P=0.017) was associated with the oxygen deficit caused by the sprint (r=–0.54; P=0.020); while, IL-15 and Tyr705-STAT3 AUCs were also related (r=0.50; P=0.036). Antioxidant administration promotes IL-15 protein expression in human skeletal muscle after sprint exercise, particularly in severe acute hypoxia. Therefore, during intense muscle contraction, a reduced PO2 and glycolytic rate, and possibly, an attenuated RONS generation may facilitate IL-15 production, accompanied by STAT3 activation, in a process that does not require AMPK phosphorylation.

Key words

myokines - IL-15 - sprint exercise - glycolysis - oxidative stress
 

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