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DOI: 10.1055/a-0800-6901
Beatmungsstrategien bei chronisch obstruktiver Lungenerkrankung
Publication History
Publication Date:
09 August 2019 (online)
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Die chronisch obstruktive Lungenerkrankung ist eine was Morbidität und Mortalität angeht führende Erkrankung mit einer hohen Prävalenz. Neben der chronischen Entzündungsreaktion und der damit einhergehenden obstruktiven Ventilationsstörung kommt es nicht selten zu Exazerbationen.
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Ein pH-Wert < 7,35 aufgrund einer Hyperkapnie ist Ausdruck einer akuten respiratorischen Insuffizienz.
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Mittels nichtinvasiver Beatmung (NIV) sollen Komplikationen einer invasiven Beatmung vermieden werden. Die nichtinvasive Beatmung zur Therapie der akuten hyperkapnischen respiratorischen Insuffizienz sollte frühzeitig (ab pH < 7,35) zum Einsatz kommen.
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Ein zu später Wechsel von NIV auf IMV (intermittierende mandatorische Ventilation) kann für den Patienten trotz der potenziellen Nachteile von IMV insgesamt die Prognose deutlich verschlechtern. Kriterien eines NIV-Versagens müssen daher engmaschig evaluiert werden:
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Atemfrequenz
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pH-Wert
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Hämodynamik
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Vigilanz
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Unter invasiver Beatmung sollten frühzeitig ausreichende spontane Atemphasen ermöglicht werden.
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Extrakorporale CO2-Elimination ist in Nutzen-Risiko-Abschätzung der individuellen Patientenparameter aktuell weiterhin eine Einzelfallentscheidung.
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Global ist eine frühe Tracheotomie nicht als überlegen gegenüber einem Extubationsversuch mit NIV-Therapie.
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