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Adipositas - Ursachen, Folgeerkrankungen, Therapie 2019; 13(01): 36-42
DOI: 10.1055/a-0801-4014
Review
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Natürliche Killerzellen, Adipositas & Tumorgenese

Natural killer cells, obesity & tumorigenesis
Julia Spielmann
Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg; Medizinische Fakultät, Institut für Anatomie und Zellbiologie; AG Kielstein
,
Ina Bähr
Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg; Medizinische Fakultät, Institut für Anatomie und Zellbiologie; AG Kielstein
,
Wiebke Naujoks
Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg; Medizinische Fakultät, Institut für Anatomie und Zellbiologie; AG Kielstein
,
Heike Kielstein
Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg; Medizinische Fakultät, Institut für Anatomie und Zellbiologie; AG Kielstein
,
Dagmar Quandt
Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg; Medizinische Fakultät, Institut für Anatomie und Zellbiologie; AG Kielstein
› Author Affiliations
Further Information

Publication History

Publication Date:
22 February 2019 (online)

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Zusammenfassung

Die Prävalenz für Adipositas nimmt sowohl in Industrienationen als auch in Entwicklungsländern stetig zu. So hat sich die Zahl der fettleibigen Menschen in den vergangenen 30 Jahren nahezu verdoppelt. Nach Schätzungen der WHO sind weltweit 1,5 Milliarden Menschen übergewichtig (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m²); 500 Millionen Menschen gelten bereits als adipös (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m²). In Deutschland sind entsprechend den Angaben des Robert-Koch-Institutes 67,1 % der Männer und 53,0 % der Frauen übergewichtig; rund 23 % aller Erwachsenen sind adipös. Neben Adipositas-assoziierten Folge- oder Begleiterkrankungen, wie Diabetes mellitus Typ 2, kardiovaskuläre und degenerative Erkrankungen und Fettstoffwechselstörungen ist auch die Prävalenz für die Entstehung von Karzinomen durch Adipositas erhöht. Insbesondere häufig auftretende Krebsarten wie postmenopausaler Brustkrebs und Darmkrebs stellen ein enormes medizinisches, soziales und gesundheitspolitisches Problem dar. Das veränderte metabolisch-immunologische Gleichgewicht, infolge von Übergewicht und Adipositas, führt zu Funktionsverlusten von Immunzellen des angeborenen und erworbenen Immunsystems, einschließlich den Natürlichen Killerzellen (NK-Zellen) als Vertreter der angeborenen Immunität. Das heutige Wissen über die Funktionsveränderungen von NK-Zellen im adipösen Organismus und deren Konsequenz für die Entstehung und Pathogenese von Tumoren wird in dieser Übersichtsarbeit dargestellt. Präklinische Interventionen mit beeindruckenden zellbiologischen Effekten werden diskutiert.

Abstract

The prevalence of obesity is rising in industrial nations as well as in developing countries. The number of obese individuals has doubled during the last 30 years. Estimations by the WHO suppose that 1.5 billion humans are overweight (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m²) and 500 million humans are obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m²). In Germany, 53.0 % of women and 67.1 % of man are overweight, whereas 23 % of all adults can be categorized into the obese group as declared by the Robert-Koch-Institute. In addition to obesity-associated secondary disorders and comorbidities such as type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular and degenerative diseases and alterations of metabolism, the development of several cancer types is significantly associated with obesity. In particular, frequent cancer types of breast and colon tissues are an enormous medical, social and health policy issue. The metabolic-immunological balance is altered in consequence of obesity. This leads to functional impairments of immune cells, both of the adaptive as well as innate immune system including Natural killer (NK) cells as part of the innate immunity. Current knowledge of the consequences of obesity for NK cell functionality in relation to the development and pathology of cancer will be outlined in this review. Pre-clinical interventions with impressive cell biological effects will be discussed.

Schlüsselwörter

Natürliche Killerzellen - Fettgewebe - Übergewicht - Krebs - Intervention

Key words

Natural killer cells - adipose tissue - obesity - cancer - intervention
 

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