Evaluation of the Fall Risk of Orthopedic Trauma Surgery Patients by Establishing a Fall Risk Score and a Procedure Instruction in Clinical Routine

Abstract

This article examines the risk of falls of orthopaedic surgery patients on admission to hospital. For this purpose, an internal clinical fall risk score was developed, which divides the patients into three risk categories. Subsequently, the validity of the score was recorded and possibilities for reducing the individual risk of falling were pointed out. The results show that the score can identify patients at high risk of falling on admission.

Key words

fall risk - fall score - fall prevention - geriatric traumatology

• References/Literatur

• 1 Rubenstein LZ. Falls in older people: epidemiology, risk factors and strategies for prevention. Age Ageing 2006; 35 (Suppl. 02) ii37-ii41 doi:10.1093/ageing/afl084
• 2 Bundesärztekammer. Hrsg. Verletzungen und deren Folgen – Prävention als ärztliche Aufgabe. Texte und Materialien zur Fort- und Weiterbildung; Band 23. Köln: 2001: 47-54
• 3 Tinetti ME, Williams TF, Mayewski R. Fall risk index for elderly patients based on number of chronic disabilities. Am J Med 1986; 80: 429-434
• 4 Tinetti ME, Speechley M, Ginter SF. Risk factors for falls among elderly persons living in the community. N Engl J Med 1988; 319: 1701-1707 doi:10.1056/NEJM198812293192604
• 5 Freiberger E, Menz HB. [Characteristics of falls in physically active community-dwelling older people: Findings from the “Standfest im Alter” study]. Z Gerontol Geriatr 2006; 39: 261-267
• 6 Dassen T, Halfens R, Heinze C. et al. Pflegeabhängigkeit, Sturzereignisse, Inkontinenz, Dekubitus. Erhebung 2007. Berlin: Institut für Medizin-/Pflegepädagogik und Pflegewissenschaft; 2007
• 7 Ambrose AF, Paul G, Hausdorff JM. Risk factors for falls among older adults: a review of literature. Maturitas 2013; 75: 51-61 doi:10.1016/j.maturitas.2013.02.009
• 8 Neumann L, Hoffmann VS, Golgert S. et al. In-hospital fall-risk screening in 4,735 geriatric patients from the LUCAS project. J Nutr Health Aging 2013; 17: 264-269 doi:10.1007/s12603-012-0390-8
• 9 Leipzig RM, Cumming RG, Tinetti ME. Drugs and falls in older people: a systematic review and meta-analysis: I. Psychotropic drugs. J Am Geriatr Soc 1999; 47: 30-39
• 10 Leipzig RM, Cumming RG, Tinetti ME. Drugs and falls in older people: a systematic review and meta-analysis: II. Cardiac drugs and analgesic drugs. J Am Geriatr Soc 1999; 47: 40-50
• 11 van der Velde N, Stricker BH, Pols HA. et al. Risk of falls after withdrawal of fall-risk-increasing drugs: a prospective cohort study. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2007; 63: 232-237
• 12 Tamblyn R, Abrahamowicz M, du Berger R. et al. A 5-year prospective assessment of the risk associated with individual benzodiazepines and doses in new elderly users. J Am Geriatr Soc 2005; 53: 233-241 doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.2005.53108.x
• 13 Campbell AJ, Robertson MC, Gardner MM. et al. Psychotropic medication withdrawal and a home-based exercise program to prevent falls: a randomized, controlled trial. J Am Geriatr Soc 1999; 47: 850-853
• 14 Furman JM, Raz Y, Whitney SL. Geriatric vestibulopathy assessment and management. Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2010; 18: 386-391 doi:10.1097/MOO.0b013e32833ce5a6
• 15 Jönsson R, Sixt E, Landahl S. et al. Prevalence of dizziness and vertigo in an urban elderly population. J Vestib Res 2004; 14: 47-52
• 16 Snijders AH, van de Warrenburg BP, Giladi N. et al. Neurological gait disorders in elderly people: clinic approach and classification. Lancet Neurol 2007; 6: 63-74
• 17 Huhn S. Sturzrisiko Skala „Was aus dem Tritt bringt“. Forum Sozialstation 2000; 106: 46-47
• 18 Izumi K, Makimoto K, Kato M. et al. Prospective study of fall risk assessment among institutionalized elderly in Japan. Nurs Health Sci 2002; 4: 141-147
• 19 Morse JM, Tylko SJ, Dixon HA. Characteristics of the fall-prone patient. Gerontologist 1987; 27: 516-522
• 20 Hendrich AL, Bender PS, Nyhuis A. Validation of the Hendrich II Fall Risk Model: a large concurrent case/control study of hospitalized patients. Appl Nurs Res 2003; 16: 9-21 doi:10.1053/apnr.2003.YAPNR2
• 21 Mahoney JE. Immobility and falls. Clin Geriatr Med 1998; 14: 699-726
• 22 Haines TP, Bennell KL, Osborne RH. et al. Effectiveness of targeted falls prevention programme in subacute hospital setting: randomised controlled trial. BMJ 2004; 328: 676
• 23 Dachverband Osteologie e.V. (DVO). Prophylaxe, Diagnostik und Therapie der Osteoporose (26.01.2018). Im Internet: http://www.dv-osteologie.org/uploads/Leitlinie 2017/Finale Version Leitlinie Osteoporose 2017_end.pdf Stand 04.11.2018