Wie beeinflusst der Akkulturationsgrad Stillabsicht, Stillhäufigkeit und Stilldauer bei Migrantinnen? Ein Review der Publikationen der Jahre 2014–2018

Zusammenfassung

Das Stillverhalten von Frauen wird durch soziale, demografische und kulturelle Faktoren beeinflusst. Wenig ist darüber bekannt, welchen Einfluss Migration und Akkulturation darauf haben. Es wurden eine systematische Suche in den elektronischen Datenbanken LIVIVO und MEDLINE (PubMed) und eine manuelle Suche in den Literaturverzeichnissen aller ausgewählter Artikel durchgeführt. Eingeschlossen wurden englisch- und deutschsprachige quantitative Studien aus Industrieländern, die im Zeitraum vom 01.01.2014 bis 30.05.2018 publiziert wurden. Insgesamt konnten 77 Studien identifiziert werden, von denen 17 die Einschlusskriterien erfüllten. Tendenziell zeigte sich eine höhere Stillprävalenz für Migrantinnen als für einheimische Mütter, mit Ausnahme für Migrantinnen aus Südostasien. Eine längere Stilldauer wiesen Migrantinnen in Südeuropa, Irland und Taiwan auf und eine kürzere Migrantinnen in Kanada und Mütter nicht-skandinavischer Herkunft in Nordeuropa. Tendenziell zeigte sich auch ein stillhemmender Einfluss einer zunehmenden Akkulturation auf das Stillverhalten der Frauen mit Migrationshintergrund.

Abstract

The breastfeeding behavior of women is influenced by social, demographic and cultural factors, yet little is known about the influence of migration and acculturation. A systematic search using the electronic databases LIVIVO and MEDLINE (PubMed) was conducted followed by a manual search in the bibliographies of all selected articles. Quantitative studies from industrialized countries, published from 01.01.2014 to 30.05.2018, in English or German were included. A total of 77 studies could be identified; 17 of them met the required inclusion criteria. Migrant mothers, excluding those from Southeast Asia, tended to have a higher breastfeeding prevalence than mothers without a migrant background. In addition, migrant women in Southern Europe, Ireland, and Taiwan were observed to have a longer breastfeeding period, whereas migrant women in Canada and women of non-Scandinavian origin in northern Europe showed shorter breastfeeding duration. With increasing acculturation, there was also a tendency of decreased breastfeeding apparent in women with a migrant background.

Schlüsselwörter

Migration - Migrantinnen - Akkulturation - Stillen - Stilldauer

Key words

migration - migrant women - acculturation - breast feeding - breast feeding duration

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