Klin Padiatr 2019; 231(02): 80-86
DOI: 10.1055/a-0831-2593
Original Article
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Recurrent Fulminant Myocarditis Repeatedly Treated with Ecmo in a Child

Rezidivierende fulminante Myokarditis mit wiederholtem Einsatz der ECMO bei einem Kind
Gregor Vercek
1   Division of Surgery, Department of Paediatric Surgery and Intensive Therapy, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
,
Gasper Markelj
2   Division of Paediatrics, Department of Allergology, Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
,
Gorazd Mlakar
1   Division of Surgery, Department of Paediatric Surgery and Intensive Therapy, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
,
Zvonka Rener Primec
3   Division of Paediatrics, Department of Paediatric Neurology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
4   Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
,
Sara Bertok
5   Division of Paediatrics, Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
,
Karin Writzl
6   Clinical Institute of Medical Genetics, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
,
Magdalena Avbelj Stefanija
5   Division of Paediatrics, Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
,
Stevan Bajic
7   Division of Paediatrics, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
,
Samo Vesel
7   Division of Paediatrics, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
,
Alojz Ihan
4   Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
8   Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
,
Albin Stritar
9   Division of Surgery, Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, Aesthetic Surgery and Burns, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
,
Marko Pokorn
4   Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
10   Department of Infectious Diseases, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
,
Jernej Kovac
11   Division of Paediatrics, Unit for Special Laboratory Diagnostics, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
,
Marusa Debeljak
11   Division of Paediatrics, Unit for Special Laboratory Diagnostics, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
,
Ivan Vidmar
1   Division of Surgery, Department of Paediatric Surgery and Intensive Therapy, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
,
Tadej Avcin
2   Division of Paediatrics, Department of Allergology, Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
4   Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
,
Stefan Grosek
12   Department of Perinatology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
1   Division of Surgery, Department of Paediatric Surgery and Intensive Therapy, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
4   Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
› Author Affiliations
Further Information

Publication History

Publication Date:
14 March 2019 (online)

Abstract

Recurrent myocarditis is rare with only few reports having been published for paediatric cases. Repeated use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation is also uncommon. In this paper we will present a very rare case of a 7-year old girl with recurrent fulminant myocarditis with heart failure requiring cardiopulmonary resuscitation and mechanical circulatory support with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Both episodes were precipitated by a viral upper respiratory tract infection, and in both cases the cardiac function eventually completely recovered. The second episode of fulminant myocarditis was particularly complex with markedly elevated markers of myocardiocytolysis, multiorgan dysfunction and the need for prolonged mechanical circulatory support. Nevertheless, the patient made a remarkable recovery. A comprehensive diagnostic workup pointed towards an aberrant immune response as the likely cause of the girl’s susceptibility for fulminant myocarditis.

Zusammenfassung

Die rezidivierende Myokarditis ist selten und es wurden nur wenige pädiatrische Fallberichte darüber publiziert. Ebenso ist der wiederholte Einsatz der extrakorporalen Membranoxygenierung (ECMO) ungewöhnlich. In dieser Publikation stellen wir den äußerst seltenen Fall eines 7-jährigen Mädchens vor, bei dem eine rezidivierende fulminante Myokarditis mit Herzinsuffizienz die kardiopulmonale Reanimation und mechanische Kreislaufunterstützung durch ECMO erforderte. Beide Krankheitsepisoden wurden durch eine Virusinfektion der oberen Atemwege ausgelöst, und beide Male erholte sich die Herzfunktion schließlich vollständig. Die zweite Episode der fulminanten Myokarditis war besonders komplex mit deutlich erhöhten Markern einer Myokardiozytolyse, Multiorganversagen und der Notwendigkeit einer längeren mechanischen Kreislaufunterstützung. Dennoch machte der Patient einen außergewöhnlichen Genesungsprozess durch. Die ausführliche diagnostische Abklärung deutete als mögliche Ursache für die Empfänglichkeit des Mädchens für die fulminante Myokarditis auf eine aberrante Immunreaktion hin.

 
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