Morphologische Charakteristika der Muskelbiopsie bei inflammatorischen Myopathien

ZUSAMMENFASSUNG

Die Klassifizierung von immunvermittelten inflammatorischen Myopathien (IIM), häufig meist als Myositis bezeichnet, wurde in den letzten Jahren einem interessanten Wechsel unterzogen. Neben klinischen Befunden haben der Nachweis von Autoantikörpern und eine detaillierte morphologische Analyse der Muskelbiospie die Aussage für die Prognose der Erkrankung und damit die Therapieoption deutlich verbessert. Zum Beispiel gehen verschiedene Subtypen einer Dermatomyositis mit einem unterschiedlichen Risiko einer malignen Grunderkrankung oder einer extramuskulären Beteiligung einher. Daher ist eine genaue Einordnung der Pathologie von Skelettmuskelbiopsien unter Verwendung von Spezialfärbungen hilfreich. In dem folgenden Übersichtsartikel werden die wichtigsten Befunde der verschiedenen morphologischen Subtypen der IIM, insbesondere der Dermatomyositis und immunvermittelten nekrotisierenden Myopathie beschrieben und gegenüber anderen Entitäten abgegrenzt.

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