CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · Sports Med Int Open 2019; 03(02): E40-E47
DOI: 10.1055/a-0889-8653
Behavioural Sciences
Eigentümer und Copyright ©Georg Thieme Verlag KG 2019

Insulin Sensitivity, Depression/Anxiety, and Physical Fitness in At-Risk Adolescents

Stephanie M. Bruggink
1   Human Development & Family Studies, Colorado State University College of Health and Human Sciences, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States
,
Lauren Berger Shomaker
1   Human Development & Family Studies, Colorado State University College of Health and Human Sciences, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States
,
Nichole R. Kelly
2   Counseling Psychology and Human Services and the Prevention Science Institute, College of Education, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States
3   Section on Growth and Obesity, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
4   Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Medical and Clinical Psychology, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
,
Bart E. Drinkard
5   Rehabilitation Medicine Department, Mark O Hatfield Clinical Research Center, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
,
Kong Y. Chen
6   Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
,
Robert J. Brychta
6   Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
,
Omni Cassidy
3   Section on Growth and Obesity, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
4   Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Medical and Clinical Psychology, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
,
Andrew P. Demidowich
3   Section on Growth and Obesity, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
,
Sheila M. Brady
3   Section on Growth and Obesity, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
,
Marian Tanofsky-Kraff
3   Section on Growth and Obesity, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
4   Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Medical and Clinical Psychology, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
,
Jack A. Yanovski
3   Section on Growth and Obesity, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
› Author Affiliations
Further Information

Publication History

received 17 October 2018
revised 14 February 2019

accepted 25 March 2019

Publication Date:
17 June 2019 (online)

Abstract

Poor physical fitness contributes to the early progression of cardiometabolic disease, yet the physiological and psychological factors underpinning poor fitness in at-risk adolescents are not well understood. In this study, we sought to determine the relationship of physical fitness with two developmental phenomena of adolescence, insulin resistance and depression/anxiety symptoms among at-risk youth. We conducted secondary data analyses of 241 overweight or obese adolescents (12–17 years), drawn from two study cohorts. Insulin sensitivity index was derived from oral glucose tolerance tests. Adolescents self-reported depressive symptoms and anxiety symptoms on validated surveys. A walk/run test was administered to determine perceived exertion and physical fitness (distance traveled). Insulin sensitivity was positively associated with walk/run distance (b=0.16, P<0.01), even after accounting for all covariates. Anxiety symptoms were inversely related to perceived exertion (b=–0.11, P<0.05), adjusting for covariates. These findings suggest that insulin resistance and anxiety symptoms are associated with different dimensions of physical fitness in overweight or obese adolescents and could both potentially contribute to declining fitness and worsening metabolic outcomes in at-risk youth.

 
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