Atemstörungen im Schlaf

Zusammenfassung

Atemstörungen im Schlaf haben bei Kindern eine hohe klinische Relevanz. Sie betreffen nicht nur einen großen zeitlichen Anteil im Leben der Kinder, sondern haben auch negative Auswirkungen auf das Gedeihen, die kardiovaskuläre Funktion und die kognitive Entwicklung. Verschiedene entwicklungsspezifische Faktoren müssen in der Beurteilung von Schlafuntersuchungen bei Kindern berücksichtigt werden. Die Adeno-Tonsillenhyperplasie ist sicherlich der häufigste Grund für eine Atemstörung im Schlaf, aber das Spektrum an Ursachen ist sehr breit. Gerade syndromale kranio-faziale Missbildungen und metabolische Erkrankungen sind mit einem sehr hohen Risiko einer relevanten Atemstörung assoziiert. Eine korrekte und kindergerechte Diagnostik ist essenziell, um eine adäquate Therapie zu ermöglichen.

Abstract

Sleep disordered breathing disorders in children are of a high clinical relevance. They do not only affect a large proportion of the children‘s lives in terms of time but they impact on the thriving, cardiovascular function and cognitive development. Different developmental factors have to be considered in the interpretation of sleep studies in children. Adeno-tonsillar hypertrophy is the most frequent reason for paediatric sleep disordered breathing, however the spectrum of aetiologies is very large. Syndromic cranio facial malformations and metabolic disorders are often associated with a very high risk of relevant sleep disordered breathing. Correct and child-oriented diagnostics are essential to enable adequate therapy.

Schlüsselwörter

Atemstörung - Schlaf - obstruktives Schlafapnoesyndrom

Key words

Sleep disordered breathing - sleep - obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome

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