OP-Journal 2019; 35(03): 262-273
DOI: 10.1055/a-0898-4690
Fachwissen
Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Pseudarthrosen im Mund-Kiefer-Gesichts-Bereich

Nonunion and Bone Healing Complications in OMFS
Andreas Neff
,
Jonas Jung
Further Information

Publication History

Publication Date:
19 November 2019 (online)

Zusammenfassung

Auch wenn sie in Standardsituationen heute selten sind, stellen Pseudarthrosen eine relevante Komplikation dar. Insbesondere nach aufwendigen Kieferrekonstruktionen mittels z. B. Fibula- und Beckenkammtransplantaten sind Komplikationen mit hohen Belastungen für die betroffenen Patienten und die erbringende chirurgische Disziplin verbunden. Dieser Beitrag zeigt, wo und warum Pseudarthrosen in der MKG-Chirurgie heute eine Rolle spielen und welche Therapieoptionen bestehen.

Abstract

Even though by now a rare event in standard osteosynthesis cases in traumatology and orthognathic surgery, nonunion still represents a serious complication. Especially in case of complex mandibular or maxillary reconstruction e.g. with free vascularized fibula or iliac crest flaps, nonunion of the segments results in revision surgery and puts heavy strains on both patient and health care providers. This paper describes the role of nonunion and compromised bone healing in oral and maxillofacial surgery (OMFS) and discusses therapy options. Conclusions: Even though the causes for nonunion or delayed bonehealing are multifactorial, a sufficient soft tissue coverage and stable osteosynthesis may be considered to offer best possible conditions for an undisturbed bonehealing. Especially in irradiated patients, nonunion is a sign of either bad vascularization (bony transplant and/or adjacent mandible/maxilla) or insufficient bony contact. This elucidates the importance to maintain proper vascularisation of the remaining mandibular stump and to perform stable osteosynthesis, with a special focus on the mandibular angle [33]. CAD-CAM techniques and patient specific implants allow for optimization of bony contact zones and may help to reduce nonunion cases in mandibular reconstruction.