Suizidalität bei Abhängigkeit von illegalen Substanzen und psychotrop wirksamen Medikamenten

Zusammenfassung

Psychische Erkrankungen sind die wichtigsten einzelnen Risikofaktoren für Suizid, wobei Abhängigkeitserkrankungen eine bedeutende Rolle spielen. In diese Übersicht wurden Kohortenstudien und kontrollierte psychologische Autopsiestudien sowie Reviews, die bis 2019 publiziert wurden, zum Risiko für suizidales Verhalten einschließlich Suizid, bei Abhängigkeit von psychotrop wirksamen Medikamenten (Opioiden und Benzodiazepinen) und Konsum von illegalen Substanzen eingeschlossen. Bei allen untersuchten substanzbezogenen Störungen, insbesondere bei Konsum von Opioiden und Mischkonsum, war das Suizidrisiko stark erhöht. So ist beispielsweise bei Drogenabhängigkeit das Suizidrisiko etwa um das 20-Fache gegenüber der Allgemeinbevölkerung erhöht.

Zusammenhänge zwischen Konsum von Drogen und Medikamenten und Entstehung von Suizidalität sind sehr komplex, was sich letztlich auch auf Möglichkeiten der Suizidprävention bei Suchterkrankungen auswirkt.

Abstract

Mental illness is the most important single risk factor for suicide, with dependence disorders playing an important role. This review included cohort studies and controlled psychological autopsy studies and reviews published up to 2019 on the risk of suicidal behaviour including suicide, dependence on psychotropic drugs (opioids and benzodiazepines) and use of illicit substances. The risk of suicide was highly increased in all substance-related disorders studied, especially in opioid and mixed use. For example, the risk of suicide in drug addicts is about 20 times higher than that in the general population.

The relationship between the consumption of drugs and psychotropic medication and the development of suicidal tendencies is very complex, which ultimately also has an effect on the opportunities of suicide prevention in addiction disorders.

Schlüsselwörter

Suizidalität - illegale Substanzen - Medikamente

Key words

suicidality - illegal substances - psychotropic drugs

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