Sedentäres Verhalten reduzieren – eine neue und eigenständige Perspektive in der Bewegungsförderung

Zusammenfassung

Vor dem Hintergrund eines voranschreitenden technischen Fortschritts sowie sozialer und ökonomischer Veränderungen innerhalb der letzten Jahrzehnte ist die Reduzierung von sedentärem Verhalten eine neue Perspektive, die für alle Altersgruppen an Relevanz gewinnt. Sedentäres Verhalten ist mittlerweile als Risikofaktor für die psychische (z. B. Selbstwertgefühl, Depression und Schlafprobleme), physische (z. B. Übergewicht, Fitnesszustand, Knochengesundheit und Marker des kardiometabolischen Risikos) und sozioemotionale (z. B. prosoziales Verhalten und akademischer Erfolg) Gesundheit etabliert. Die Zusammenhänge sind in relativer Unabhängigkeit vom Bewegungsverhalten anzusehen und auch können das sitzende Verhalten und das Bewegungsverhalten im Tagesverlauf beide in vielfältiger Form nebeneinander auftreten. Dennoch steht die Förderung von Bewegung oft im Fokus von Interventionsvorhaben, auch um sedentäres Verhalten zu reduzieren. Bisherige Interventionen, die sedentäres Verhalten reduzieren, zeigen sich jedoch insbesondere dann erfolgreich, wenn das sitzende Verhalten direkt und die kontextspezifische Einbeziehung der Umwelt fokussiert werden. Sedentäres Verhalten zu reduzieren ist nicht zuletzt aus dieser Erkenntnis eine eigenständige, aber bislang vernachlässigte Perspektive in der Bewegungsförderung. Diese neue Perspektive bietet das Potenzial, die Verwendung der täglichen Zeit weg von hohen Sitzzeiten hin zu vermehrter Alltagsaktivität zu verschieben und damit auch gesundheitliche Zusammenhänge zu verbessern.

Summary

Technological progress and socio-economic changes over the last decades have emerged the reduction of sedentary behaviour as a new perspective to all age groups in health promotion. Until now, sedentary behaviour has been established as a risk factor for mental (e. g., self-esteem, depression, and sleep disorders), physical (e. g., obesity, fitness status, bone health and markers of cardio-metabolic risk), and socio-emotional (e. g., pro-social behaviour and academic success) health. The relationship between the risk factors should be regarded with relative independence to the amount of physical activity. Moreover, sedentary behaviour and physical activity in a 24-hour perspective can both occur in diverse occassions and settings mutually. Nevertheless, interventions promoting physical activity often have a secondary aim to reduce sedentary behaviour. However, it is shown that interventions reducing sedentary behaviour are particularly successful when they directly focus on sedentary behaviour itself and include the context-specific environment. Despite this knowledge, the reduction of sedentary behaviour is an independent but previously neglected aspect in the promotion of physical activity. This new perspective offers the potential to shift the use of daily time away from high sitting hours to increased everyday activity and thereby improve health.

Stichworte

sedentäres Verhalten reduzieren - Alltagsaktivitäten fördern - Prävention und Gesundheitsförderung

Key words

reduction of sedentary behaviour - promotion of everyday physical activity - prevention and health promotion

Publikationsverlauf

Eingereicht: 03. September 2019

Angenommen: 30. September 2019

Artikel online veröffentlicht:
12. Dezember 2019

• Literatur

• 1 Blair SN. Physical inactivity: the biggest public health problem of the 21st century. Br J Sports Med 2009; 43 (01) : 1-2
• 2 Biddle SJ, Pearson N, Ross GM. et al. Tracking of sedentary behaviours of young people: A systematic review. Prev Med 2010; 51 (05) : 345-351.
• 3 van de Laar RJ, Stehouwer CD, Prins MH. et al. Self-reported time spent watching television is associated with arterial stiffness in young adults: the Amsterdam Growth and Health Longitudinal Study. Br J Sports Med 2014; 48: 256-264.
• 4 Bucksch J, Wallmann-Sperlich B. Aufstehen Hingehen, Treppensteigen – die gesundheitliche Relevanz von Alltagsaktivitäten. Public Health Forum 2016; 24 (02) .
• 5 Contardo Ayala AM, Sudholz B, Salmon J. et al. The impact of height-adjustable desks and prompts to break-up classroom sitting on adolescents’ energy expenditure, adiposity markers and perceived musculoskeletal discomfort. PLoS ONE 2018; 13 (09) : e0203938.
• 6 Demetriou Y, Hebestreit A, Reimers AK. et al. Results from Germany’s 2018 Report Card on Physical Activity for Children and Youth. J Phys Act Health 2018; 15 (S2): S363-S365.
• 7 Sigmundová D, Sigmund E, Tesler R. et al. Vigorous physical activity in relation to family affluence: time trends in Europe and North America. Int J Public Health 2019
• 8 Ng SW, Popkin BM. Time use and physical activity: a shift away from movement across the globe. Obes Rev 2012; 13 (08) : 659-680.
• 9 Cooper A, Goodman A, Page AS. et al. Objectively measured physical activity and sedentary time in youth: the International children’s accelerometry database (ICAD). Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2015; 12: 113.
• 10 Bucksch J, Inchley J, Hamrik Z. et al. Trends in television time, non-gaming PC use and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity among German adolescents 2002-2010. BMC Public Health 2014; 14 (01) : 351.
• 11 Froböse I, Wallmann- Sperlich B. Studienbericht DKV Report 2016 “Wie gesund lebt Deutschland”. 2016: 2016
• 12 Katzmarzyk PT, Mason C. The physical activity transition. J Phys Act Health 2009 6. 269-280
• 13 Bucksch J, Wallmann-Sperlich B, Kolip P. Führt Bewegungsförderung zu einer Reduzierung von sitzendem Verhalten? Präv Gesundheitsf. 2015; 10 (04) : 275-280.
• 14 Tremblay MS, Aubert S, Barnes JD. , et al. Sedentary Behavior Research Network (SBRN) – Terminology Consensus Project process and outcome. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2017; 14 (01) : 75.
• 15 Bucksch J, Dreger S. Sitzendes Verhalten als Risikofaktor im Kindes- und Jugendalter. Präv Gesundheitsf 2014; 9 (01) : 39-46.
• 16 Rütten A, Pfeiffer K. , Hrsg. Nationale Empfehlungen für Bewegung und Bewegungsförderung; 2016
• 17 Pearson N, Braithwaite RE, Biddle SJH. et all. Associations between sedentary behaviour and physical activity in children and adolescents: a meta-analysis. Obes Rev 2014; 15 (08) : 666-675.
• 18 Tremblay MS, Carson V, Chaput JP. Introduction to the Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines for Children and Youth: An Integration of Physical Activity, Sedentary Behaviour, and Sleep. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2016; 41 (6 Suppl 3): iii-iv.
• 19 Dishman RK, Heath GW, Lee IM. Physical activity epidemiology. Champaign: Human Kinetics; 2012
• 20 Biswas A, Oh PI, Faulkner GE. et al. Sedentary time and its association with risk for disease incidence, mortality, and hospitalization in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Intern Med 2015; 162 (02) : 123-132.
• 21 Ekelund U, Steene-Johannessen J, Brown WJ. et al. Does physical activity attenuate, or even eliminate, the detrimental association of sitting time with mortality? A harmonised meta-analysis of data from more than 1 million men and women. The Lancet 2016
• 22 Benatti FB, Ried-Larsen M. The Effects of Breaking up Prolonged Sitting Time: A Review of Experimental Studies. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2015; 47 (10) : 2053-2061.
• 23 Tremblay MS, Leblanc AG, Kho ME. et al. Systematic review of sedentary behaviour and health indicators in school-aged children and youth. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2011; 8: 98.
• 24 Carson V, Hunter S, Kuzik N. et al. Systematic review of sedentary behaviour and health indicators in school-aged children and youth: an update. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2016; 41 (6 Suppl 3): 65.
• 25 Chinapaw MJ, Proper KI, Brug J. et al. Relationship between young peoples’ sedentary behaviour and biomedical health indicators: A systematic review of prospective studies. Obes Rev 2011; 12 (07) : 632.
• 26 Saunders TJ, Chaput J-P, Tremblay MS. Sedentary behaviour as an emerging risk factor for cardiometabolic diseases in children and youth. Can J Diab 2014; 38 (01) : 53-61.
• 27 Carson V, Wong SL, Winkler E. et al. Patterns of sedentary time and cardiometabolic risk among Canadian adults. Prev Med 2014; 65: 23-27.
• 28 Biddle SJH, Petrolini I, Pearson N. Interventions designed to reduce sedentary behaviours in young people: a review of reviews. Br J Sports Med 2014; 48 (03) : 182-186.
• 29 van Grieken A, Ezendam NP, Paulis WD. et al. Primary prevention of overweight in children and adolescents: A meta-analysis of the effectiveness of interventions aiming to decrease sedentary behaviour. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2012; 9: 61.
• 30 Steeves JA, Thompson DL, Bassett DR. et al. A Review of different behavior modification strategies designed to reduce sedentary screen behaviors in children. J Obes 2012; 2012; (03) : 1-16.
• 31 Shrestha N, Kukkonen-Harjula KT, Verbeek JH. et al. Workplace interventions for reducing sitting at work. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018 12. CD010912.
• 32 Chau JY, Daley M, Srinivasan A. et al. Desk-based workers’ perspectives on using sit-stand workstations: a qualitative analysis of the Stand@Work study. BMC Public Health 2014; 14 (01) : 752.
• 33 Waters CN, Ling EP, Chu AHY et al. Assessing and understanding sedentary behaviour in office-based working adults: A mixed-method approach. BMC Public Health 2016; 16 (01) : 2717.
• 34 Aittasalo M, Livson M, Lusa S. et al. Moving to business - changes in physical activity and sedentary behavior after multilevel intervention in small and medium-size workplaces. BMC Public Health 2017; 17 (01) : 319.
• 35 Peachey MM, Richardson J V Tang A. et al. Environmental, behavioural and multicomponent interventions to reduce adults’ sitting time: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Sports Med 2018
• 36 Kamath CC, Vickers KS, Ehrlich A. et al. Clinical review: Behavioral interventions to prevent childhood obesity: a systematic review and metaanalyses of randomized trials. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008; 93 (12) : 4606-4615.
• 37 Prince SA, Saunders TJ, Gresty K. et al. A comparison of the effectiveness of physical activity and sedentary behaviour interventions in reducing sedentary time in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled trials. Obes Rev 2014; 15 (11) : 905-919.
• 38 Biddle,. Stuart J. H, Bennie JA, Bauman AE. et al. Too much sitting and all-cause mortality: is there a causal link? BMC Public Health. 2016 16. 635.
• 39 Holtermann A, Stamatakis E. Do all daily metabolic equivalent task units (METs) bring the same health benefits?. Br J Sports Med 2019; 53 (16) : 991-992.
• 40 Stamatakis E, Ding D, Hamer M. et al. Any public health guidelines should always be developed from a consistent, clear evidence base. Br J Sports Med 2019
• 41 Chaput J-P, Olds T, Tremblay MS. Public health guidelines on sedentary behaviour are important and needed: a provisional benchmark is better than no benchmark at all. Br J Sports Med 2018