Das Komplementsystem: von den Grundlagen zur klinischen Bedeutung

Zusammenfassung

Als Teil der unspezifischen Abwehr ist das Komplementsystem jederzeit verfügbar und somit bereits in der Frühphase von Infektionen von unschätzbarem Wert, bevor nach Bereitstellung spezifischer Antikörper und T-Zellen das adaptive Immunsystem zielgerichtet seine volle Wirkung entfaltet. Aufgrund seiner Rolle in der Pathophysiologie verschiedener Krankheitsbilder besitzt das Komplement eine besondere Bedeutung für die Klinik. Sowohl für die Aufklärung von Komplementdefekten und -fehlregulationen als auch zur Früherkennung lebensbedrohlicher Prozesse, wie z. B. der Entwicklung eines Multiorganversagens nach schwerem Trauma, Verbrennungen oder Sepsis sowie zur Einschätzung der Wirksamkeit neuer Therapieansätze, ist eine moderne Komplementdiagnostik heutzutage unabdingbar. Mit diesem Übersichtsartikel wollen wir einen Bogen spannen von den Grundlagen des Komplementsystems über dessen klinische Relevanz und diagnostische Maßnahmen bis hin zu aktuellen Möglichkeiten einer zielgerichteten Therapie.

Abstract

As part of the innate immune system, the complement system is permanently available and therefore invaluable in the pre-immune phase before the adaptive immune response with the generation of antibodies and T cells develops its full effect. Due to its crucial involvement in the pathophysiology of various disorders, complement is of particular clinical importance. For the elucidation of complement defects and dysregulations but also for the early detection of life-threatening events, like the development of a multiple organ failure after severe trauma, burns or sepsis, and for the assessment of a therapeutic success, a modern complement diagnostics is nowadays indispensable. With this review article we want to draw a line from the basics of the complement system, its clinical relevance and the diagnostic approach to current strategies of a targeted therapy.

Schlüsselwörter

Komplement - Kaskadenreaktion - Funktion - Regulation - klinische Bedeutung - Diagnose - Therapie

Key words

complement - complement function - regulation - clinical relevance - diagnostics - therapy

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