Download PDF
Int J Sports Med 2019; 40(14): 903-908
DOI: 10.1055/a-1014-2911
Orthopedics & Biomechanics
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Clinical Features and isokinetic Parameters in Assessing Injury Risk in elite Football Players

Rogério F. Liporaci
1   Department of Biomechanics, Medicine and Rehabilitation of the Locomotor Apparatus, Universidade de Sao Paulo Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirao Preto, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
,
Marcelo Saad
1   Department of Biomechanics, Medicine and Rehabilitation of the Locomotor Apparatus, Universidade de Sao Paulo Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirao Preto, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
,
Debora Bevilaqua Grossi
1   Department of Biomechanics, Medicine and Rehabilitation of the Locomotor Apparatus, Universidade de Sao Paulo Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirao Preto, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
,
Marcelo Riberto
1   Department of Biomechanics, Medicine and Rehabilitation of the Locomotor Apparatus, Universidade de Sao Paulo Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirao Preto, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
› Author Affiliations
Further Information

Publication History



accepted 03 September 2019

Publication Date:
15 October 2019 (online)

Also available at
    Permissions and Reprints

Abstract

Football players frequently face the occurrence of non-contact injuries. Although there are likely multiple factors that contribute to increased risk of non-contact injury, it remains a challenge to correlate all these factors. However, it is not clear how much of individual training abilities may interfere in these events. As such, the primary aim of the present study was to determine whether the reduction of functional performance of the thigh in the isokinetic knee tests, anthropometric and morbid history can establish risk factors for lower-limb musculoskeletal injuries throughout the season. The incidence of injuries and odds ratios were calculated for suspected risk factors. Hamstring/Quadriceps conventional ratio outside of the safety range (55–64%) may be involved in the occurrence of non-contact muscle injuries and the risk for any musculoskeletal injuries in the lower extremities is 16 times higher when extensor peak of torque exceeds 10% and 12 times higher when flexor peak of torque difference was greater than 10%. This kind of evaluation can result in intervention programs that may decrease the risk of lower-limb musculoskeletal injuries. Based on these results we can establish a specific and individualized exercise program for each athlete and thus protect them during the season.

Key words

risk factor research - cohort study - outcome of injury - sports injuries.
 

  • References

  • 1 Koch M, Zellner J, Berner A, Grechenig S, Krutsch V, Nerlich M, Angele P, Krutsch W. Influence of preparation and football skill level on injury incidence during an amateur football tournament. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 2015; 136: 353-360
    PubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 2 Arnason A, Sigurdsson SB, Gudmundsson A, Holme I, Engebretsen L, Bahr R. Risk Factors for Injuries in Football. Am J Sports Med 2004; 32: 5S-16S
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 3 Devan MR, Pescatello LS, Faghri P, Anderson J. A prospective study of overuse knee injuries among female athletes with muscle imbalances and structural abnormalities. J Athl Train 2004; 39: 263-267
    PubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 4 Bradley PS, Portas MD. The relationship between preseason range of motion and muscle strain injury in elite football players. J Strength Cond Res 2007; 21: 1155-1159
    PubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 5 Ibrahim A, Murrell GA, Knapman P. Adductor strain and hip range of movement in male professional football players. J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong) 2007; 15: 46-49
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 6 Caraffa A, Cerulli G, Projetti M, Aisa G, Rizzo A. Prevention of anterior cruciate ligament injuries in football. A prospective controlled study of proprioceptive training. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 1996; 4: 19-21
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 7 Mandelbaum BR, Silvers HJ, Watanabe DS, Knarr JF, Thomas SD, Griffin LY, Kirkendall DT, Garrett Jr. W. Effectiveness of a neuromuscular and proprioceptive training program in preventing anterior cruciate ligament injuries in female athletes: 2-year follow-up. Am J Sports Med 2005; 33: 1003-1010
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 8 Ekstrand J, Gillquist J. Football injuries and their mechanisms: a prospective study. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1983; 15: 267-270
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 9 Ostenberg A, Roos H. Injury risk factors in female European football. A prospective study of 123 players during one season. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2000; 10: 279-285
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 10 Gabbe BJ, Bennell KL, Finch CF, Wajswelner H, Orchard JW. Predictors of hamstring injury at the elite level of Australian football. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2006; 16: 7-13
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 11 Verrall GM, Slavotinek JP, Barnes PG, Fon GT, Springgins AJ. Clinical risk factors for hamstring muscle strain injury: A pro- spective study with correlation of injury by magnetic resonance imaging. Br J Sports Med 2001; 35: 435-439
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 12 Ekstrand J, Tropp H. The incidence of ankle sprains in football. Foot Ankle 1990; 11: 41-44
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 13 Inklaar H, Bol E, Schmikli SL, Mosterd WL. Injuries in male football players: team risk analysis. Int J Sports Med 1996; 17: 229-234
    Thieme ConnectPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 14 Hawkins RD, Hulse MA, Wilkinson C, Hodson A, Gibson M. The association football medical research programme: an audit of injuries in professional football. Br J Sports Med 2001; 35: 43-47
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 15 Lewin G. The incidence of injury in an English professional football club during one competitive season. Physiotherapy 1989; 75: 601-605
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 16 Lüthje P, Nurmi I, Kataja M, Belt E, Helenius P, Kaukonen JP, Kiviluoto H, Kokko E, Lehtpuu TP, Lehtonen A, Luikkonen T, Myllyniemi J, Rasilainen E, Virtanen H, Walldén M. Epidemiology and traumatology of injuries in elite soccer: A prospective study in Finland. Scand J Med Sci Sports 1996; 6: 180-185
    PubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 17 Hootman JM, Dick R, Agel J. Epidemiology of collegiate injuries for 15 Sports: Summary and recommendations for injury prevention initiatives. J Athl Train 2007; 42: 311-319
    PubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 18 Junge A, Dvorak J, Graf-Baumann T. Football injuries during the World Cup 2002. Am J Sports Med 2004; 32 (1 Suppl) 23S-27S
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 19 Silva AA, Bittencourt NFN, Mendonça LM, Tirado MG, Fonseca ST. Analysis of the profile, areas of action and abilities of Brazilian sports physical therapists working with football and volleyball. Braz J Phys Ther 2011; 15: 219-226
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 20 Reis GF, Santos TR, Lasmar RC, Oliveira-Junior O, Lopes RF, Fonseca ST. Sports injuries profile of a first division Brazilian soccer team: A descriptive cohort study. Braz J Phys Ther 2015; 19: 390-397
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 21 Wong P, Hong Y. Football injury in the lower extremities. Br J Sports Med 2005; 39: 473-482
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 22 Hägglund M, Waldén M, Ekstrand J. Exposure and injury risk in Swedish elite football: A comparison between seasons 1982 and 2001. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2003; 13: 364-370
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 23 Ruas CV, Minozzo F, Pinto MD, Brown LE, Pinto RS. Lower-extremity strength ratios of professional soccer players according to field position. J Strength Cond Res 2015; 29: 1220-1226
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 24 Metsavaht L, Leporace G, Riberto M, de Mello Sposito MM, Batista LA. Translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the Brazilian version of the International Knee Documentation Committee Subjective Knee Form: validity and reproducibility. Am J Sports Med 2010; 38: 1894-1899
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 25 Peccin MS, Ciconelli R, Cohen M. Specific questionnaire for knee symptoms - the “Lysholm Knee Scoring Scale”: translation and validation into Portuguese. Acta Ortop Bras [online] 2006; 14: 268-272
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 26 Harriss DJ, Macsween A, Atkinson G. Standards for ethics in sport and exercise science research: 2018 update. Int J Sports Med 2017; 38: 1126-1131
    Thieme ConnectPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 27 Zvijac JE, Toriscelli TA, Merrick WS, Papp DF, Kiebzak GM. Isokinetic concentric quadriceps and hamstring normative data for elite Collegiate American football players participating in the NFL Scouting Combine. J Strength Cond Res 2014; 28: 875-883
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 28 Fuller CW, Ekstrand J, Junge A, Andersen TE, Bahr R, Dvorak J, Hägglund M, McCrory P, Meeuwisse WH. Consensus statement on injury definitions and data collection procedures in studies of football (football) injuries. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2006; 16: 83-92
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 29 Denadai BS, de Oliveira FB, Camarda SR, Ribeiro L, Greco CC. Hamstrings-to-quadriceps strength and size ratios of male professional soccer players with muscle imbalance. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging 2016; 36: 159-164
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 30 Bahr R, Holme I. Risk factors for sports injuries – a methodological approach. Br J Sports Med 2003; 37: 384-392
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 31 Stolen T, Chamari K, Castagna C, Wisloff U. Physiology of soccer. Sports Med 2005; 35: 501-536
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 32 Petersen J, Holmich P. Evidence-based prevention of hamstring injuries in sport. Br J Sports Med 2005; 39: 319-323
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 33 Yeung SS, Suen AM, Yeung EW. A prospective cohort study of hamstring injuries in competitive sprinters: preseason muscle imbalance as a possible risk factor. Br J Sports Med 2009; 43: 589-594
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 34 Freckleton G, Pizzari T. Risk factors for hamstring muscle strength injury in sport: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Sports Med 2013; 47: 351-358
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 35 Myer GD1 Ford KR, Barber Foss KD, Liu C, Nick TG, Hewett TE. The relationship of hamstrings and quadriceps strength to anterior cruciate ligament injury in female athletes. Clin J Sport Med 2009; Jan 19: 3-8
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 36 Magalhaes J, Oliveira J, Ascensao A, Soares J. Concentric quadriceps and hamstrings isokinetic strength in volleyball and soccer players. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2004; 44: 119-125
    PubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 37 Blanch P, Gabbett TJ. Has the athlete trained enough to return to play safely? The acute:chronic workload ratio permits clinicians to quantify a player’s risk of subsequent injury. Br J Sports Med 2016; 50: 471-475
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 38 Di Stasi S, Myer GD, Hewett TE. Neuromuscular training to target deficits associated with second anterior cruciate ligament injury. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2013; 43: 777-792
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 39 Croisier JL, Ganteaume S, Binet J, Genty M, Ferret JM. Strength inbalances and prevention of hamstring injury in professional soccer players: A prospective study. Am J Sports Med 2008; 36: 1469-1475
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 40 Bahr R. Why screening tests to predict ijury do not work and probably never will… : a critical review. Br J Sports Med 2016; 50: 776-780
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 41 Whiteley R, Jacobsoen P, Prior S, Skazalski C, Otten R, Johnson A. Correlation of isokinetic and novel hand-held dynamometry measures of knee flexion and extension strength testing. J Sci Med Sport 2012; 15: 444-450
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar