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Planta Med 2019; 85(16): 1225-1232
DOI: 10.1055/a-1014-3303
Biological and Pharmacological Activity
Original Papers
Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Virucidal Effect of Guggulsterone Isolated from Commiphora gileadensis

Lamjed Bouslama
1   Laboratory of Bioactive Substances, Center of Biotechnology of Borj Cedria, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunisia
,
Bochra Kouidhi
2   Medical Laboratory Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Yanbu, Taibah University, Saudi Arabia
,
Yasir Mohammed Alqurashi
2   Medical Laboratory Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Yanbu, Taibah University, Saudi Arabia
,
Kamel Chaieb
3   Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
4   Laboratory of Analysis, Treatment and valorization of Pollutants of the Environment and Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, Monastir University, Tunisia
,
Adele Papetti
5   Nutraceutical & Food Chemical-Toxicological Analysis Laboratory, Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Italy
› Author Affiliations
Further Information

Publication History

received 22 May 2019
revised 12 September 2019

accepted 12 September 2019

Publication Date:
07 October 2019 (online)

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Abstract

Commiphora gileadensis, locally known as becham, is a plant used in traditional Arabian medicine for treating headache, constipation, stomach, joint pain, and inflammatory disorders. Several studies have reported its antibacterial properties; however, no study has demonstrated its antiviral activity. This study aimed to evaluate the antiviral activity of C. gileadensis as well as to isolate its active compound and investigate its mode of action. This activity was evaluated using 4 viruses, herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2), respiratory syncytial virus type B (RSV-B), coxsackie virus B type 3, and adenovirus type 5 by performing the plaque reduction assay and the 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assays for enveloped and nonenveloped viruses, respectively. The methanol extract of C. gileadensis leaves only showed antiviral activity against enveloped viruses with a selectivity index of 11.19 and 10.25 for HSV-2 and RSV-B, respectively. The study of the mechanism underlying antiviral activity demonstrated a virucidal effect by direct contact with these target viruses. The active compound, isolated using bio-guided assays involving TLC, was identified as guggulsterone by HPLC-diode array detection coupled with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Guggulsterone is an antagonist of the bile acid receptor and a modulator of cholesterol metabolism; however, its antimicrobial properties have been reported for the first time in this study.

Key words

Burseraceae - Commiphora gileadensis - cytotoxicity - herpes simplex virus type 2 - respiratory syncytial virus type B - virucidal activity - guggulsterone
 

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