Download PDF
Endoscopy 2020; 52(02): 96-106
DOI: 10.1055/a-1020-3932
Systematic review
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Endoscopic ultrasound-guided gallbladder drainage, transpapillary drainage, or percutaneous drainage in high risk acute cholecystitis patients: a systematic review and comparative meta-analysis

Babu P. Mohan
1   Internal Medicine, University of Arizona, Banner University Medical Center, Tucson, Arizona, United States
,
Shahab R. Khan
1   Internal Medicine, University of Arizona, Banner University Medical Center, Tucson, Arizona, United States
,
Sushruth Trakroo
2   Internal Medicine, St. Vincent Charity Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
,
Suresh Ponnada
3   Carilion Roanoke Memorial Hospital, Roanoke, Virginia, United States
,
Mahendran Jayaraj
4   Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada, United States
,
Ravishankar Asokkumar
5   Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
,
Douglas G. Adler
6   Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
› Author Affiliations
Further Information

Publication History

submitted 08 April 2019

accepted after revision 03 September 2019

Publication Date:
23 October 2019 (online)

Also available at
   Permissions and Reprints

Referred to by:

Author commentary on Babu P. Mohan et al.Endoscopy 2020; 52(02): v6-v6
DOI: 10.1055/a-1023-2720

Referred to by:

How to drain the gallbladder: that is the questionEndoscopy 2020; 52(02): 88-89
DOI: 10.1055/a-1082-3687

Abstract

Background Endoscopic transpapillary gallbladder drainage (ETGBD) and endoscopic ultrasound-guided gallbladder drainage (EUSGBD) are alternatives to percutaneous gallbladder drainage (PCGBD) for patients with acute cholecystitis who are unfit for surgery. Data comparing these modalities are limited and have reported conflicting results.

Methods We searched multiple databases from inception to May 2019 to identify studies that reported on ETGBD, EUSGBD, and PCGBD in the management of acute cholecystitis in patients with a high surgical risk. Aims were to compare the pooled rates of technical success, clinical success, adverse events, and disease recurrence.

Results 1223 patients (22 studies), 557 patients (14 studies), and 13 351 patients (46 studies) were treated by ETGBD, EUSGBD, and PCGBD, respectively. The pooled technical and clinical successes were: ETGBD 83 % (95 % confidence interval [CI] 80.1 – 85.5, I 2 = 29) and 88.1 % (95 %CI 83.6 – 91.4, I 2 = 50), respectively; EUSGBD 95.3 % (95 %CI 92.8 – 96.9, I 2 = 0) and 96.7 % (95 %CI 94.0 – 98.2, I 2 = 0), respectively; and PCGBD 98.7 % (95 %CI 98.0 – 99.1, I 2 = 0) and 89.3 % (95 %CI 86.6 – 91.5, I 2 = 84), respectively. Clinical success with EUSGBD was significantly superior to the other approaches. All complications were comparable between the groups. Pancreatitis occurred with ETGBD in 5.1 % (95 %CI 3.5 – 7.3), whereas bleeding and perforation occurred with EUSGBD in 4.3 % (95 %CI 2.7 – 6.8) and 3.7 % (95 %CI 2.3 – 6.0), respectively. Stent migration occurred with PCGBD in 7.4 % (95 %CI 5.5 – 10.0).

Conclusion EUSGBD demonstrated better clinical success than ETGBD and PCGBD in the management of acute cholecystitis patients at high surgical risk.

Supplementary material

 

  • References

  • 1 Csikesz NG, Tseng JF, Shah SA. Trends in surgical management for acute cholecystitis. Surgery 2008; 144: 283-289
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 2 Winbladh A, Gullstrand P, Svanvik J. et al. Systematic review of cholecystostomy as a treatment option in acute cholecystitis. HPB (Oxford) 2009; 11: 183-193
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 3 Itoi T, Takada T, Hwang TL. et al. Percutaneous and endoscopic gallbladder drainage for acute cholecystitis: international multicenter comparative study using propensity score-matched analysis. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Sci 2017; 24: 362-368
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 4 Chikara L, Shimoyama T, Igarashi T. et al. Comparable efficacy of endoscopic transpapillary gallbladder drainage and percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder drainage in acute cholecystitis. Endosc Int Open 2018; 6: E594-E601
    Article in Thieme ConnectPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 5 Irani S, Ngamruengphong S, Teoh A. et al. Similar efficacies of endoscopic ultrasound gallbladder drainage with a lumen-apposing metal stent versus percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder drainage for acute cholecystitis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2017; 15: 738-745
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 6 Jang JW, Lee SS, Song TJ. et al. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided transmural and percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder drainage are comparable for acute cholecystitis. Gastroenterology 2012; 142: 805-811
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 7 Teoh AYB, Serna C, Penas I. et al. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided gallbladder drainage reduces adverse events compared with percutaneous cholecystostomy in patients who are unfit for cholecystectomy. Endoscopy 2017; 49: 130-138
    Article in Thieme ConnectPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 8 Tyberg A, Saumoy M, Sequeiros EV. et al. EUS-guided versus percutaneous gallbladder drainage: Isn’t it time to convert?. J Clin Gastroenterol 2018; 52: 79-84
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 9 Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J. et al. Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. Ann Intern Med 2009; 151: 264-269
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 10 Stroup DF, Berlin JA, Morton SC. et al. Meta-analysis of observational studies in epidemiology: a proposal for reporting. Meta-analysis Of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) group. JAMA 2000; 283: 2008-2012
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 11 Stang A. Critical evaluation of the Newcastle–Ottawa scale for the assessment of the quality of nonrandomized studies in meta-analyses. Eur J Epidemiol 2010; 25: 603-605
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 12 Thompson SG, Pocock SJ. Can meta-analyses be trusted?. Lancet 1991; 338: 1127-1130
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 13 Yokoe M, Hata J, Takada T. et al. Tokyo Guidelines 2018: diagnostic criteria and severity grading of acute cholecystitis (with videos). J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Sci 2018; 25: 41-54
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 14 Cotton PB, Eisen GM, Aabakken L. et al. A lexicon for endoscopic adverse events: report of an ASGE workshop. Gastrointest Endosc 2010; 71: 446-454
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 15 DerSimonian R, Laird N. Meta-analysis in clinical trials. Control Clin Trials 1986; 7: 177-188
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 16 Sutton AJ, Abrams KR, Jones DR. et al. Methods for meta-analysis in medical research. New York: John Wiley & Sons Ltd.; 2000: 205-228
    Google Scholar
  • 17 Higgins J, Thompson SG, Spiegelhalter DJ. A re‐evaluation of random‐effects meta‐analysis. J R Stat Soc Ser A Stat Soc 2009; 172: 137-159
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 18 Riley RD, Higgins JP, Deeks JJ. Interpretation of random effects meta-analyses. BMJ 2011; 342: d549
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 19 Mohan BP, Adler DG. Heterogeneity in systematic review and meta-analysis: how to read between the numbers. Gastrointest Endosc 2019; 89: 902-903
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 20 Kanwal F, White D. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses in clinical gastroenterology and hepatology. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2012; 10: 1184-1186
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 21 Higgins JP, Thompson SG, Deeks JJ. et al. Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses. BMJ 2003; 327: 557
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 22 Guyatt GH, Oxman AD, Kunz R. et al. GRADE guidelines: 7. Rating the quality of evidence – inconsistency. J Clin Epidemiol 2011; 64: 1294-1302
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 23 Easterbrook PJ, Gopalan R, Berlin JA. et al. Publication bias in clinical research. Lancet 1991; 337: 867-872
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 24 Duval S, Tweedie R. Trim and fill: a simple funnel-plot–based method of testing and adjusting for publication bias in meta-analysis. Biometrics 2000; 56: 455-463
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 25 Rothstein HR, Sutton AJ, Borenstein M. Publication bias in meta-analysis: prevention, assessment and adjustments. New York: John Wiley & Sons; 2006
    Google Scholar
  • 26 Choi JH, Lee SS, Choi JH. et al. Long-term outcomes after endoscopic ultrasonography-guided gallbladder drainage for acute cholecystitis. Endoscopy 2014; 46: 656-661
    Article in Thieme ConnectPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 27 de la Serna-Higuera C, Pérez-Miranda M, Gil-Simón P. et al. EUS-guided transenteric gallbladder drainage with a new fistula-forming, lumen-apposing metal stent. Gastrointest Endosc 2013; 77: 303-308
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 28 Dollhopf M, Larghi A, Will U. et al. EUS-guided gallbladder drainage in patients with acute cholecystitis and high surgical risk using an electrocautery-enhanced lumen-apposing metal stent device. Gastrointest Endosc 2017; 86: 636-643
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 29 Feretis C, Apostolidis N, Mallas E. et al. Endoscopic drainage of acute obstructive cholecystitis in patients with increased operative risk. Endoscopy 1993; 25: 392-395
    Article in Thieme ConnectPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 30 Inoue T, Okumura F, Kachi K. et al. Long-term outcomes of endoscopic gallbladder stenting in high-risk surgical patients with calculous cholecystitis (with videos). Gastrointest Endosc 2016; 83: 905-913
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 31 Irani S, Baron TH, Grimm IS. et al. EUS-guided gallbladder drainage with a lumen-apposing metal stent (with video). Gastrointest Endosc 2015; 82: 1110-1115
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 32 Itoi T, Sofuni A, Itokawa F. et al. Endoscopic transpapillary gallbladder drainage in patients with acute cholecystitis in whom percutaneous transhepatic approach is contraindicated or anatomically impossible (with video). Gastrointest Endosc 2008; 68: 455-460
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 33 Kahaleh M, Perez-Miranda M, Artifon EL. et al. International collaborative study on EUS-guided gallbladder drainage: Are we ready for prime time?. Dig Liver Dis 2016; 48: 1054-1057
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 34 Kedia P, Sharaiha RZ, Kumta NA. et al. Endoscopic gallbladder drainage compared with percutaneous drainage. Gastrointest Endosc 2015; 82: 1031-1036
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 35 Kjaer DW, Kruse A, Funch-Jensen P. Endoscopic gallbladder drainage of patients with acute cholecystitis. Endoscopy 2007; 39: 304-308
    Article in Thieme ConnectPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 36 Lee TH, Park DH, Lee SS. et al. Outcomes of endoscopic transpapillary gallbladder stenting for symptomatic gallbladder diseases: a multicenter prospective follow-up study. Endoscopy 2011; 43: 702-708
    Article in Thieme ConnectPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 37 Maekawa S, Nomura R, Murase T. et al. Endoscopic gallbladder stenting for acute cholecystitis: a retrospective study of 46 elderly patients aged 65 years or older. BMC Gastroenterol 2013; 13: 65
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 38 McCarthy ST, Tujios S, Fontana RJ. et al. Endoscopic transpapillary gallbladder stent placement is safe and effective in high-risk patients without cirrhosis. Dig Dis Sci 2015; 60: 2516-2522
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 39 Mutignani M, Iacopini F, Perri V. et al. Endoscopic gallbladder drainage for acute cholecystitis: technical and clinical results. Endoscopy 2009; 41: 539-546
    Article in Thieme ConnectPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 40 Nakatsu T, Okada H, Saito K. et al. Endoscopic transpapillary gallbladder drainage (ETGBD) for the treatment of acute cholecystitis. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg 1997; 4: 31-35
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 41 Oh D, Song TJ, Cho DH. et al. EUS-guided cholecystostomy versus endoscopic transpapillary cholecystostomy for acute cholecystitis in high-risk surgical patients. Gastrointest Endosc 2019; 89: 289-298
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 42 Takagi W, Ogura T, Sano T. et al. EUS-guided cholecystoduodenostomy for acute cholecystitis with an anti-stent migration and anti-food impaction system; a pilot study. Therap Adv Gastroenterol 2016; 9: 19-25
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 43 Tamada K, Seki H, Sato K. et al. Efficacy of endoscopic retrograde cholecystoendoprosthesis (ERCCE) for cholecystitis. Endoscopy 1991; 23: 2-3
    Article in Thieme ConnectPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 44 Walter D, Teoh AY, Itoi T. et al. EUS-guided gall bladder drainage with a lumen-apposing metal stent: a prospective long-term evaluation. Gut 2016; 65: 6-8
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 45 Abi-Haidar Y, Sanchez V, Williams SA. et al. Revisiting percutaneous cholecystostomy for acute cholecystitis based on a 10-year experience. Arch Surg 2012; 147: 416-422
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 46 Al-Jundi W, Cannon T, Antakia R. et al. Percutaneous cholecystostomy as an alternative to cholecystectomy in high risk patients with biliary sepsis: a district general hospital experience. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2012; 94: 99-101
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 47 Anderson JE, Chang DC, Talamini MA. A nationwide examination of outcomes of percutaneous cholecystostomy compared with cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis, 1998–2010. Surg Endosc 2013; 27: 3406-3411
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 48 Atar E, Bachar GN, Berlin S. et al. Percutaneous cholecystostomy in critically ill patients with acute cholecystitis: complications and late outcome. Clin Radiol 2014; 69: e247-e252
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 49 Bakkaloglu H, Yanar H, Guloglu R. et al. Ultrasound guided percutaneous cholecystostomy in high-risk patients for surgical intervention. World J Gastroenterol 2006; 12: 7179-7182
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 50 Boules M, Haskins IN, Farias-Kovac M. et al. What is the fate of the cholecystostomy tube following percutaneous cholecystostomy?. Surg Endosc 2017; 31: 1707-1712
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 51 Carrafiello G, D’Ambrosio A, Mangini M. et al. Percutaneous cholecystostomy as the sole treatment in critically ill and elderly patients. Radiol Med 2012; 117: 772-779
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 52 Cha BH, Song HH, Kim YN. et al. Percutaneous cholecystostomy is appropriate as definitive treatment for acute cholecystitis in critically ill patients: a single center, cross-sectional study. Korean J Gastroenterol 2014; 63: 32-38
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 53 Chang YR, Ahn YJ, Jang JY. et al. Percutaneous cholecystostomy for acute cholecystitis in patients with high comorbidity and re-evaluation of treatment efficacy. Surgery 2014; 155: 615-622
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 54 Chok KSH, Chu FSK, Cheung TT. et al. Results of percutaneous transhepatic cholecystostomy for high surgical risk patients with acute cholecystitis. ANZ J Surg 2010; 80: 280-283
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 55 Chou CK, Lee KC, Chan CC. et al. Early percutaneous cholecystostomy in severe acute cholecystitis reduces the complication rate and duration of hospital stay. Medicine (Baltimore) 2015; 94: e1096
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 56 El-Gendi A, El-Shafei M, Emara D. Emergency versus delayed cholecystectomy after percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder drainage in Grade II acute cholecystitis patients. J Gastrointest Surg 2017; 21: 284-293
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 57 Flexer S, Peter M, Durham-Hall A. et al. Patient outcomes after treatment with percutaneous cholecystostomy for biliary sepsis. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2014; 96: 229-233
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 58 Griniatsos J, Petrou A, Pappas P. et al. Percutaneous cholecystostomy without interval cholecystectomy as definitive treatment of acute cholecystitis in elderly and critically ill patients. South Med J 2008; 101: 586-590
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 59 Higa JT, Sahar N, Kozarek RA. et al. EUS-guided gallbladder drainage with a lumen-apposing metal stent versus endoscopic transpapillary gallbladder drainage for the treatment of acute cholecystitis (with videos). Gastrointest Endosc 2019; 90: 483-492
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 60 Horn T, Christensen SD, Kirkegard J. et al. Percutaneous cholecystostomy is an effective treatment option for acute calculous cholecystitis: a 10-year experience. HPB (Oxford) 2015; 17: 326-331
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 61 Hsieh YC, Chen CK, Su CW. et al. Outcome after percutaneous cholecystostomy for acute cholecystitis: a single-center experience. J Gastrointest Surg 2012; 16: 1860-1868
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 62 Hung Y-L, Chong S-W, Cheng C-T. et al. Natural course of acute cholecystitis in patients treated with percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder drainage without elective cholecystectomy. J Gastrointest Surg 2019; DOI: 10.1007/s11605-019-04213-0.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 63 Itoi T, Kawakami H, Katanuma A. et al. Endoscopic nasogallbladder tube or stent placement in acute cholecystitis: a preliminary prospective randomized trial in Japan (with videos). Gastrointest Endosc 2015; 81: 111-118
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 64 Jang WS, Lim JU, Joo KR. et al. Outcome of conservative percutaneous cholecystostomy in high-risk patients with acute cholecystitis and risk factors leading to surgery. Surg Endosc 2015; 29: 2359-2364
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 65 Li M, Li N, Ji W. et al. Percutaneous cholecystostomy is a definitive treatment for acute cholecystitis in elderly high-risk patients. Am Surg 2013; 79: 524-527
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 66 Lin WC, Chang CW, Chu CH. Percutaneous cholecystostomy for acute cholecystitis in high-risk elderly patients. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2016; 32: 518-525
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 67 Macri A, Scuderi G, Saladino E. et al. Acute gallstone cholecystitis in the elderly: treatment with emergency ultrasonographic percutaneous cholecystostomy and interval laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Surg Endosc 2006; 20: 88-91
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 68 McKay A, Abulfaraj M, Lipschitz J. Short- and long-term outcomes following percutaneous cholecystostomy for acute cholecystitis in high-risk patients. Surg Endosc 2012; 26: 1343-1351
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 69 Melloul E, Denys A, Demartines N. et al. Percutaneous drainage versus emergency cholecystectomy for the treatment of acute cholecystitis in critically ill patients: does it matter?. World J Surg 2011; 35: 826-833
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 70 Morse BC, Smith JB, Lawdahl RB. et al. Management of acute cholecystitis in critically ill patients: contemporary role for cholecystostomy and subsequent cholecystectomy. Am Surg 2010; 76: 708-712
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 71 Nasim S, Khan S, Alvi R. et al. Emerging indications for percutaneous cholecystostomy for the management of acute cholecystitis – a retrospective review. Int J Surg 2011; 9: 456-459
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 72 Ni Q, Chen D, Xu R. et al. The efficacy of percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder drainage on acute cholecystitis in high-risk elderly patients based on the Tokyo Guidelines: a retrospective case–control study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2015; 94: e1442
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 73 Nikfarjam M, Shen L, Fink MA. et al. Percutaneous cholecystostomy for treatment of acute cholecystitis in the era of early laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech 2013; 23: 474-480
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 74 Ogawa O, Yoshikumi H, Maruoka N. et al. Predicting the success of endoscopic transpapillary gallbladder drainage for patients with acute cholecystitis during pretreatment evaluation. Can J Gastroenterol 2008; 22: 681-685
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 75 Pang KW, Tan CH, Loh S. et al. Outcomes of percutaneous cholecystostomy for acute cholecystitis. World J Surg 2016; 40: 2735-2744
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 76 Pannala R, Petersen BT, Gostout CJ. et al. Endoscopic transpapillary gallbladder drainage: 10-year single center experience. Minerva Gastroenterol Dietol 2008; 54: 107-113
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 77 Peters R, Kolderman S, Peters B. et al. Percutaneous cholecystostomy: single centre experience in 111 patients with an acute cholecystitis. JBR-BTR 2014; 97: 197-201
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 78 Rodriguez-Sanjuan JC, Arruabarrena A, Sanchez-Moreno L. et al. Acute cholecystitis in high surgical risk patients: percutaneous cholecystostomy or emergency cholecystectomy?. Am J Surg 2012; 204: 54-59
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 79 Sanjay P, Mittapalli D, Marioud A. et al. Clinical outcomes of a percutaneous cholecystostomy for acute cholecystitis: a multicentre analysis. HPB (Oxford) 2013; 15: 511-516
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 80 Schlenker C, Trotter JF, Shah RJ. et al. Endoscopic gallbladder stent placement for treatment of symptomatic cholelithiasis in patients with end-stage liver disease. Am J Gastroenterol 2006; 101: 278-283
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 81 Smith TJ, Manske JG, Mathiason MA. et al. Changing trends and outcomes in the use of percutaneous cholecystostomy tubes for acute cholecystitis. Ann Surg 2013; 257: 1112-1115
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 82 Toyota N, Takada T, Amano H. et al. Endoscopic naso-gallbladder drainage in the treatment of acute cholecystitis: alleviates inflammation and fixes operator’s aim during early laparoscopic cholecystectomy. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg 2006; 13: 80-85
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 83 Viste A, Jensen D, Angelsen JH. et al. Percutaneous cholecystostomy in acute cholecystitis; a retrospective analysis of a large series of 104 patients. BMC Surg 2015; 15: 17
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 84 Wang CH, Wu CY, Yang JC. et al. Long-term outcomes of patients with acute cholecystitis after successful percutaneous cholecystostomy treatment and the risk factors for recurrence: a decade experience at a single center. PLoS One 2016; 11: e0148017
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 85 Widmer J, Alvarez P, Sharaiha RZ. et al. Endoscopic gallbladder drainage for acute cholecystitis. Clin Endosc 2015; 48: 411-420
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 86 Yane K, Maguchi H, Katanuma A. et al. Feasibility, efficacy, and predictive factors for the technical success of endoscopic nasogallbladder drainage: a prospective study. Gut Liver 2015; 9: 239-246
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 87 Yang MJ, Yoo BM, Kim JH. et al. Endoscopic naso-gallbladder drainage versus gallbladder stenting before cholecystectomy in patients with acute cholecystitis and a high suspicion of choledocholithiasis: a prospective randomised preliminary study. Scand J Gastroenterol 2016; 51: 472-478
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 88 Yeo CS, Tay VW, Low JK. et al. Outcomes of percutaneous cholecystostomy and predictors of eventual cholecystectomy. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Sci 2016; 23: 65-73
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 89 Zehetner J, Degnera E, Olasky J. et al. Percutaneous cholecystostomy versus laparoscopic cholecystectomy in patients with acute cholecystitis and failed conservative management: a matched-pair analysis. Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech 2014; 24: 523-527
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 90 Zerem E, Omerovic S. Can percutaneous cholecystostomy be a definitive management for acute cholecystitis in high-risk patients?. Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech 2014; 24: 187-191
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 91 Simorov A, Ranade A, Parcells J. et al. Emergent cholecystostomy is superior to open cholecystectomy in extremely ill patients with acalculous cholecystitis: a large multicenter outcome study. Am J Surg 2013; 206: 935-940
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 92 Siddiqui A, Kunda R, Tyberg A. et al. Three-way comparative study of endoscopic ultrasound-guided transmural gallbladder drainage using lumen-apposing metal stents versus endoscopic transpapillary drainage versus percutaneous cholecystostomy for gallbladder drainage in high-risk surgical patients with acute cholecystitis: clinical outcomes and success in an international, multicenter study. Surg Endosc 2019; 33: 1260-1270
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 93 Jang JW, Lee SS, Park DH. et al. Feasibility and safety of EUS-guided transgastric/transduodenal gallbladder drainage with single-step placement of a modified covered self-expandable metal stent in patients unsuitable for cholecystectomy. Gastrointest Endosc 2011; 74: 176-181
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 94 Kirkegard J, Horn T, Christensen SD. et al. Percutaneous cholecystostomy is an effective definitive treatment option for acute acalculous cholecystitis. Scand J Surg 2015; 104: 238-243
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 95 Mori Y, Itoi T, Baron TH. et al. Tokyo Guidelines 2018: management strategies for gallbladder drainage in patients with acute cholecystitis (with videos). J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Sci 2018; 25: 87-95
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar