Value of Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced (DCE) MR Imaging in Peripheral Lesions in PI-RADS-4 Patients

Abstract

Objective To assess the impact of dynamic contrast-enhanced imaging (DCE) in mp-MRI on prostate cancer (PCa) detection in a large patient cohort assigned to PI-RADS category 4.

Method This retrospective, single center cohort study includes 193 consecutive patients with PI-RADS assessment category 4 in mp-MRI (T2WI, DWI, DCE) at 3 T with targeted plus systematic biopsy combined as the reference standard. The detection of prostate cancer with and without the use of DCE was compared.

Results Overall, the PCa detection rate in PI-RADS-4 patients was 62 % (119/193) with DCE and 52 % (101/193) without the inclusion of lesions upgraded on the basis of DCE. 48 % (92/193) had clinically significant PCa (csPCa; Gleason score ≥ 3 + 4 = 7) and 40 % (78/193) without use of DCE. 38 of the 193 patients (20 %) had peripheral lesions upgraded from PI-RADS category 3 to an overall PI-RADS category 4 due to focal positive DCE findings. Of these 38 patients, 18 had PCa including 14 with csPCa. Thus, 15 % (18/119) of the patients with PCa and 15 % (14/92) of the patients with csPCa were detected only based on additional DCE information.

Conclusion DCE prevents underestimation and misclassification of a significant number of cases of peripheral csPCa and might improve detection rates in PI-RADS-4 patients. The current PI-RADS decision rules regarding upgrading PI-RADS-3 lesions to category 4 due to positive DCE imaging are useful for PCa detection.

Key points: 

• Positive peripheral DCE upgraded 20 % of patients in PI-RADS category 4 from category 3.

• Clinically significant PCa was found in almost 40 % of upgraded, peripheral PIRADS-3-lesions.

• 15 % of all csPCa in PI-RADS-4-patients was detected in DCE-upgraded lesions.

• In 7 % of all PI-RADS-4-cases csPCa would had been underestimated without DCE upgrade.

Citation Format

• Ullrich T, Quentin M, Arsov C et al. Value of Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced (DCE) MR Imaging in Peripheral Lesions in PI-RADS-4 Patients. Fortschr Röntgenstr 2020; 192: 441 – 447

Zusammenfassung

Ziel Ziel der Studie war die Evaluation des Mehrwerts der dynamischen kontrastmittelgestützten Sequenzen (DCE) in der multiparametrischen MRT (mp-MRT) bezüglich der Prostatakarzinomdetektion in einer großen Kohorte von Patienten mit PI-RADS-4-Befund.

Material und Methoden 193 Patienten mit einer MR-Gesamtklassifikation von PI-RADS 4 nach mp-MRT der Prostata bei 3 T (T2WI, DWI, DCE) und anschließend kombiniert gezielter plus systematischer Biopsie als Referenzstandard wurden retrospektiv in diese unizentrische Kohortenstudie eingeschlossen. Es wurde die Prostatakarzinomdetektion mit und ohne die Hilfe kontrastmittelgestützter Sequenzen verglichen.

Ergebnisse Die Gesamtkarzinomdetektionsrate in den PI-RADS-4-Patienten war 62 % (119/193). Ohne Einschluss von Läsionen, die mithilfe der DCE von Kategorie PI-RADS 3 auf PI-RADS 4 aufgewertet wurden, lag die Detektionsrate bei 52 % (101/193). Mit DCE wurden 48 % (92/193) klinisch signifikante Prostatakarzinome (Gleason-Score ≥ 3 + 4 = 7) detektiert und 40 % (78/193) ohne DCE-Verwendung. 38 der 193 Patienten (20 %) hatten periphere Läsionen, die durch auffällige Kontrastmittelanreicherung von PI-RADS Kategorie 3 auf 4 aufgewertet wurden. Von diesen 38 Patienten hatten 18 ein Prostatakarzinom, einschließlich 14 mit einem klinisch signifikanten Karzinom. Somit wurden 15 % (18/119) mit jeglichem Prostatakarzinom und 15 % (14/92) mit einem klinisch relevanten Karzinom nur durch zusätzliche Informationen aus kontrastmittelgestützten Sequenzen detektiert.

Schlussfolgerung Kontrastmittelgestützte, dynamische Sequenzen können eine zu niedrige PI-RADS-Fehlklassifizierung einer relevanten Anzahl von Prostatakarzinomen verhindern und die Detektionsraten bei PI-RADS-4-Patienten verbessern. Die aktuellen PI-RADS-Kriterien zur Aufwertung von PI-RADS-3-Läsionen in die Gesamtkategorie 4 durch auffällige Kontrastmittelanreicherung scheinen sinnvoll.

Kernaussagen: 

• 20 % der PI-RADS-4-Patienten wurden durch auffällige, periphere Kontrastmittelanreicherung aus Kategorie 3 aufgewertet.

• Klinisch signifikante Prostatakarzinome wurden in fast 40 % der aufgewerteten, peripheren PI-RADS-3-Läsionen gefunden.

• 15 % aller signifikanten Karzinome bei PI-RADS-4-Patienten wurden in durch DCE aufgewerteten Läsionen detektiert.

• In 7 % aller PI-RADS-4-Befunde wären klinisch signifikante Prostatakarzinome ohne DCE unterschätzt worden.

Key words

prostate cancer - magnetic resonance imaging - contrast media - image-guided biopsy

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