Neuigkeiten zur praktischen ABC-Blutgruppen-Bestimmung bei Katzen

Zusammenfassung

Bis in die 1980er Jahre wurden die Blutgruppen bei Katzen als unwichtig angesehen. Seitdem gab es jedoch viele neue Erkenntnisse. Wir wissen heute: Das wichtigste Blutgruppensystem der Katze ist das AB-Blutgruppensystem (umbenannt als ABC-Blutgruppensystem) und umfasst die Blutgruppen A, B und AB (heute C genannt). Katzen haben natürlich vorkommende Antikörper gegen die Antigene der jeweils anderen Blutgruppe. Insbesondere Katzen mit Blutgruppe B haben hohe Titer an natürlich vorkommenden Anti-A-Alloantikörpern. Dadurch kann es bei A-B-inkompatiblen Bluttransfusionen und bei der sog. neonatalen Isoerythrolyse bei Welpen mit Typ A und C (AB) von Muttertieren mit Typ B zu Unverträglichkeitsreaktionen kommen. Um dies zu verhindern, ist es essenziell, für Zucht und im Vorfeld von Transfusionen die Blutgruppe und die zugrundeliegende Genetik zu kennen. Klinisch helfen serologische und genetische Tests. Diese Synopsis gibt einen aktuellen Überblick über die Blutgruppen, deren physiologische und genetische Grundlagen, mögliche Unverträglichkeitsreaktionen sowie die verschiedenen Nachweismethoden zu deren Vermeidung.

Schlüsselwörter

Katze - Blutgruppe - Kreuzprobe - Alloantikörper - Anämie - feline neonatale Isoerythrolyse

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