Index aus Diameter der Vena cava inferior und Aorta abdominalis bei Neugeborenen – eine praxisrelevante Methode zur Erfassung einer Hypovolämie

Zusammenfassung

Bei kranken Neugeborenen steht häufig eine Hypovolämie im Vordergrund der klinischen Probleme. Eine effiziente, schonende Diagnostik ist für eine adäquate Therapie entscheidend. Sonografische Untersuchungen entsprechen diesen Anforderungen. Um die Volumensituation der Kinder zu beurteilen, wird eine Relation aus Durchmessern der Vena cava inferior (IVC) und der Aorta abdominalis (Ao) erfasst.

Patienten und Methoden 97 reife, gesunde Neugeborene wurden am 1. und 3. Tag untersucht. Es erfolgte an definierten Punkten die Messung der Diameter der IVC, Ao und Berechnung des Index IVC/Ao. Korrelationsanalysen wurden zur Ermittlung der Abhängigkeit der Messungen vom Geburtsgewicht und Gewichtsverlust in den ersten 3 LT. durchgeführt.

Ergebnisse Der Durchmesser der Ao betrug am 1. Tag 6,1 (+/−0,6) mm, am 3. Tag 6,2 (+/−0,6) mm, der Diameter der IVC am 1. Tag 2,5 (+/−0,5) mm, am 3. Tag 2,6 (+/−0,5) mm. Der Index aus IVC/ Ao lag bei 0,4 (+/−0,1) am 1.Tag, 0,4 (+/−0,1) am 3. Tag. und korreliert mit dem Geburtsgewicht. Es ließ sich ein signifikanter Unterschied zwischen den Indices bei SGA- und LGA- Neugeborenen feststellen (0.36 vs 0,47). Die Gewichtsabnahme von 1. zum 3. LT (160+/−216 g) hatte keinen Einfluss auf die Diameter und Index der Gefäße.

Schlussfolgerung Die Studie liefert Normalwerte für die Diameter der Ao, IVC sowie des Index. Damit ist eine Einschätzung des Volumenzustandes möglich. Die Ergebnisse können ebenso einen Beitrag zum Verständnis der Pathophysiologie bei SGA- Neonaten sein.

Abstract

Hypovolemia is one of the important problems in sick neonates. Ultrasound is a safe, noninvasive diagnostic tool for the assessment of volume status. For that reason, the aim of the study was to determine normal values of the diameter of inferior vena cava (IVC), abdominal aorta (Ao) and the index IVC/Ao.

Patients and methods 97 healthy, term neonates were included in the study and investigated at first and third day of life. The diameter of IVC, Ao was measured and the index from IVC/Ao was estimated. Using statistics mean and median values of the parameters and correlations to birth weight were determined.

Results Diameter of Ao at first day was 6.1 (+/−0.6) mm and at third day 6.2 (+/−0.6) mm, of IVC at first day was 2.5 (+/−0.5) and at third day 2.61 (+/−0.5). The Index from diameters of IVC/Ao was evaluated at day 1 as 0.4 (+/−0.1) and day 3 as 0.4 (+/−0.1). We found a positive correlation to the birth weight. We identified a significant difference of the index in SGA and LGA – neonates (0.36 vs 0.47). Despite a significant reduced weight from first to third day in the neonates, we determined no influence on the diameter of IVC, Ao and the index IVC/Ao.

Conclusion We determined normal values of diameter of IVC and Ao and the Index of IVC/Ao. It is our opinion, that it is possible to assess the intravascular volume using the index. The importance of the index can be underlined by the results in SGA-neonates. More research is needed to understand some points of the pathophysiology in SGA.

Schlüsselwörter

Diameter - Vena cava inferior - Aorta abdominalis - Neugeborenes - Hypovolämie

Key words

diameter - inferior vena cava - abdominal aorta - neonates - hypovolemia

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