RSS-Feed abonnieren
DOI: 10.1055/a-1110-2998
Theileria equi-Infektion bei 2 Pferden nach einem Wanderritt in Südfrankreich
Theileria equi-infection in 2 German horses returning from a trail ride in southern France![](https://www.thieme-connect.de/media/10.1055-s-00034912/202002/lookinside/thumbnails/10-1055-a-1110-2998-1.jpg)
Zusammenfassung
Die equine Piroplasmose, ausgelöst durch die protozoären Erreger Theileria equi oder Babesia caballi, ist weltweit in (sub-)tropischen Regionen einschließlich Südeuropa endemisch. In Deutschland hat sie vor allem als Importparasitose Bedeutung. Da Zeckenarten mit Vektorkompetenz für equine Piroplasmen allerdings auch hierzulande vorkommen, ist eine langfristige Etablierung autochthoner Zyklen nach Einschleppung durch Equiden oder Zecken nicht ausgeschlossen. Im vorliegenden Fall erkrankten 2 Pferde nach einem Wanderrittaufenthalt in Südfrankreich an einer T. equi-Infektion. Während der Behandlung wurde bei einem der Pferde eine saugende Zecke (Rhipicephalus bursa) entdeckt. Auch wenn sich diese Zeckenart unter den derzeitigen Bedingungen in Deutschland nicht etablieren kann, verdeutlicht dieser Fund das Potenzial der Einschleppung infizierter Zecken. Die Therapie der Pferde erfolgte mit Imidocarb (3 mg/kg i. m.; 3 Behandlungen im Abstand von je 3 Tagen). Unerwünschte Arzneimittelwirkungen wurden nicht beobachtet. Um eine Etablierung des Infektionszyklus in Deutschland sowie eine chronische Manifestation der Piroplasmose zu verhindern, sollte trotz möglicher Nebenwirkungen von Imidocarb eine Erregerelimination angestrebt werden.
Abstract
Equine piroplasmosis, caused by the protozoan pathogens Theileria equi or Babesia caballi, is endemic in many (sub-)tropical regions worldwide, including Southern Europe. In Germany, it mainly plays a role as an imported parasitosis. Nevetherless, tick species with known vector potential for equine piroplasms occur in Germany. Thus, a long-term establishment of autochthonous cycles after introduction via infected equids or ticks cannot be excluded. In the present case, 2 horses developed clinical T. equi infection after returning from a trail riding trip to southern France. During treatment, a feeding tick was discovered on one of the horses, which was identified as a Rhipicephalus bursa specimen. This tick species cannot establish in Germany under the current climatic conditions; nevertheless, this discovery illustrates the potential of introducing infected ticks to Germany. The 2 horses were treated with imidocarb (3 mg/kg i. m.; 3 treatments in 3-day intervals) and no adverse drug effects were recorded. To prevent establishment of autochthonous infection cycles in Germany as well as a chronic manifestation of piroplasmosis, treatment should aim at eliminating the parasites despite possible adverse effects of imidocarb.
Publikationsverlauf
Eingereicht: 18. September 2019
Angenommen: 22. November 2019
Artikel online veröffentlicht:
23. April 2020
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG
Stuttgart · New York
-
Literatur
- 1 Abdel-Ghaffar F, Al-Quraishy S, Mehlhorn H. Length of tick repellency depends on formulation of the repellent compound (icaridin = Saltidin®): tests on Ixodes persulcatus and Ixodes ricinus placed on hands and clothes. Parasitol Res 2015; 114 (08) 3041-3045
- 2 Adam M, Pikalo J, Snyder A. et al. Equine Piroplasmosis – a case of severe Babesia caballi infection associated with acute renal failure. Berl Muench Tieraerztl Wochenschr 2017; 130 (03/04) 113-118
- 3 Bartolomé Del Pino LE, Roberto N, Vincenzo V. et al. Babesia caballi and Theileria equi infections in horses in Central-Southern Italy: Sero-molecular survey and associated risk factors. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2016; 7 (03) 462-469
- 4 Butler CM, Sloet van Oldruitenborgh-Oosterbaan MM, Stout TAE. et al. Prevalence of the causative agents of equine piroplasmosis in the South West of The Netherlands and the identification of two autochthonous clinical Theileria equi infections. Vet J 2012; 193 (02) 381-385
- 5 Casati S, Sager H, Gern L. et al. Presence of potentially pathogenic Babesia sp. for human in Ixodes ricinus in Switzerland. Ann Agric Environ Med 2006; 13 (01) 65-70
- 6 Chhabra S, Ranjan R, Uppal SK. et al. Transplacental transmission of Babesia equi (Theileria equi) from carrier mares to foals. J Parasit Dis 2012; 36 (01) 31-33
- 7 Chitimia-Dobler L, Schaper S, Rieß R. et al. Imported Hyalomma ticks in Germany in 2018. Parasit Vectors 2019; 12 (01) 134
- 8 Chitimia L, Lin R-Q, Cosoroaba I. et al. Genetic characterization of ticks from southwestern Romania by sequences of mitochondrial cox1 and nad5 genes. Exp Appl Acarol 2010; 52 (03) 305-311
- 9 de Waal DT. Equine piroplasmosis: A review. Br Vet J 1992; 148 (01) 6-14
- 10 Diana A, Guglielmini C, Candini D. et al. Cardiac arrhythmias associated with piroplasmosis in the horse: A case report. Vet J 2007; 174 (01) 193-195
- 11 Donnellan CMB, Page PC, Nurton JP. et al. Comparison of glycopyrrolate and atropine in ameliorating the adverse effects of imidocarb dipropionate in horses. Equine Vet J 2013; 45 (05) 625-629
- 12 García-Bocanegra I, Arenas-Montes A, Hernández E. et al. Seroprevalence and risk factors associated with Babesia caballi and Theileria equi infection in equids. Vet J 2013; 195 (02) 172-178
- 13 Grause JF, Ueti MW, Nelson JT. et al. Efficacy of imidocarb dipropionate in eliminating Theileria equi from experimentally infected horses. Vet J 2013; 196 (03) 541-546
- 14 Guidi E, Pradier S, Lebert I. et al. Piroplasmosis in an endemic area: analysis of the risk factors and their implications in the control of Theileriosis and Babesiosis in horses. Parasitol Res 2015; 114 (01) 71-83
- 15 Guimarães AM, Lima JD, Ribeiro MFB. Sporogony and experimental transmission of Babesia equi by Boophilus microplus. Parasitol Res 1998; 84 (04) 323-327
- 16 Knowles DP, Kappmeyer LS, Haney D. et al. Discovery of a novel species, Theileria haneyi n. sp., infective to equids, highlights exceptional genomic diversity within the genus Theileria: implications for apicomplexan parasite surveillance. Int J Parasitol 2018; 48 (09) 679-690
- 17 Knowles DP, Perryman LE, Kappmeyer LS. et al. Detection of equine antibody to Babesia equi merozoite proteins by a monoclonal antibody-based competitive inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. J Clin Microbiol 1991; 29 (09) 2056-2058
- 18 Kumar S, Kumar R, Sugimoto C. A perspective on Theileria equi infections in donkeys. Jpn J Vet Res 2009; 56 (04) 171-180
- 19 Pasolini MP, Pagano TB, Costagliola A. et al. Inflammatory myopathy in horses with chronic piroplasmosis. Vet Pathol 2018; 55 (01) 133-143
- 20 Rothschild CM. Equine Piroplasmosis. J Equine Vet Sci 2013; 33 (07) 497-508
- 21 Rubel F, Brugger K, Pfeffer M. et al. Geographical distribution of Dermacentor marginatus and Dermacentor reticulatus in Europe. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2016; 7 (01) 224-233
- 22 Scheidemann W, Liebisch G, Liebisch A. et al. Equine Piroplasmose – Fallbericht einer akuten Infektion mit Theileria equi (syn. Babesia equi) in Deutschland. Pferdeheilk 2003; 19 (01) 16-20
- 23 Schwint ON, Ueti MW, Palmer GH. et al. Imidocarb dipropionate clears persistent Babesia caballi infection with elimination of transmission potential. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2009; 53 (10) 4327-4332
- 24 Scoles GA, Hutcheson HJ, Schlater JL. et al. Equine piroplasmosis associated with Amblyomma cajennense ticks, Texas, USA. Emerg Infect Dis 2011; 17 (10) 1903-1905
- 25 Semmler M, Abdel-Ghaffar F, Al-Rasheid KAS. et al. Comparison of the tick repellent efficacy of chemical and biological products originating from Europe and the USA. Parasitol Res 2011; 108 (04) 899-904
- 26 Ueti MW, Mealey RH, Kappmeyer LS. et al. Re-emergence of the apicomplexan Theileria equi in the United States: Elimination of persistent infection and transmission risk. PLOS ONE 2012; 7 (09) e44713
- 27 Williams HW, Cross DE, Crump HL. et al. Climate suitability for European ticks: assessing species distribution models against null models and projection under AR5 climate. Parasit Vectors 2015; 8 (01) 440
- 28 Wise LN, Kappmeyer LS, Mealey RH. et al. Review of equine piroplasmosis. J Vet Intern Med 2013; 27 (06) 1334-1346
- 29 Yeruham I, Hadani A, Galker F. The life cycle of Rhipicephalus bursa Canestrini and Fanzago, 1877 (Acarina: Ixodidae) under laboratory conditions. Vet Parasitol 2000; 89 (01) 109-116