Subscribe to RSS
DOI: 10.1055/a-1117-4043
Individualisierte multimodale Therapie retroperitonealer Weichteilsarkome
Individualised Multimodal Therapy of Retroperitoneal Soft Tissue SarcomasPublication History
Publication Date:
08 April 2020 (online)
Zusammenfassung
Retroperitoneale Weichteilsarkome stellen eine histo- und molekularpathologisch differenzierte Gruppe mesenchymaler Malignome dar. Es treten in erster Linie Liposarkome und Leiomyosarkome auf – wesentlich seltener solitär-fibröse Tumoren, maligne periphere Nervenscheidentumoren und unklassifizierte pleomorphe Sarkome. In Abhängigkeit vom histopathologischen Subtyp ist ihr biologisches Verhalten hochvariabel, sodass ein differenziertes therapeutisches Vorgehen sinnvoll erscheint. Multimodale Therapiekonzepte verfügen bisher über nur geringe studiengeprüfte Evidenz, sollten aber in Abhängigkeit von Tumortopografie, Histopathologie und patientenspezifischen Faktoren geprüft werden. Die operative Strategie unterlag in den letzten 10 Jahren einer regen Kontroverse. Im Zentrum der Diskussion stand die Frage, ob eine radikale kompartimentelle Resektion unter Mitresektion klinisch-radiologisch nicht infiltrierter retroperitonealer Organe zu einem verbesserten onkologischen Langzeitergebnis beiträgt und somit zu empfehlen sei. Die Datenlage scheint diese Frage zu beantworten – ein differenziertes Vorgehen ist dennoch geboten. Entitäten mit niedrigem Lokalrezidivrisiko oder aggressivem, früh metastasierendem Verhalten sollten demnach eher organerhaltend, Tumoren mit hohem Lokalrezidivrisiko eher systematisch kompartimentell reseziert werden. Bei häufig und früh im Krankheitsverlauf metastasierenden Subentitäten sollte in der metastasenfreien Ersterkrankungssituation kritisch abgewogen werden, ob eine radikale kompartimentelle Resektion sinnvoll ist.
Abstract
Retroperitoneal soft tissue sarcomas make up a diverse group of malignant tumours of mesenchymal origin with diverse histo- and molecular pathology. Liposarcoma and leiomyosarcoma are the predominant subentities – followed by the substantially less frequent solitary fibrous tumors, malignant peripheral nerve-sheath tumors and unclassified pleomorphic sarcomas. The biological behaviour of retroperitoneal soft tissue sarcomas is highly variable, depending on the histopathological subtype. A differentiated therapeutic approach is therefore essential. There is only marginal therapeutic evidence that multimodal therapies improve patientsʼ outcomes, yet neoadjuvant and adjuvant strategies should be discussed, depending on tumour topography, histopathology and patient-specific factors. There has been intense debate in the last 10 years about the appropriate surgical strategy. The core issue is whether long-term follow-up is improved after more radical, compartmental resection that includes adjacent organs and tissues that appear not to be infiltrated, as judged by clinical and radiological evidence. This procedure should then be generally recommended as standard of care. The available data appears to answer this question – nonetheless a differentiated approach is mandatory. Therefore entities exhibiting low local recurrence rates and/or more benign biology should be resected with the aim of organ preservation, while tumours with high local recurrence rates and unfavourable biological behaviour should undergo more radical, compartimental resection. A balanced approach should be considered in entities with high metachronic systemic dissemination rates.
-
Literatur
- 1 Brennan MF, Antonescu CR, Moraco N. et al. Lessons learned from the study of 10,000 patients with soft tissue sarcoma. Ann Surg 2014; 260: 416-421 doi:10.1097/SLA.0000000000000869
- 2 Trans-Atlantic RPS Working Group. Management of recurrent retroperitoneal sarcoma (RPS) in the adult: a consensus approach from the Trans-Atlantic RPS Working Group. Ann Surg Oncol 2016; 23: 3531-3540 doi:10.1245/s10434-016-5336-7
- 3 Tan MC, Brennan MF, Kuk D. et al. Histology-based classification predicts pattern of recurrence and improves risk stratification in primary retroperitoneal sarcoma. Ann Surg 2016; 263: 593-600 doi:10.1097/SLA.0000000000001149
- 4 Gronchi A, Strauss DC, Miceli R. et al. Variability in patterns of recurrence after resection of primary retroperitoneal sarcoma (RPS): a report on 1007 patients from the multi-institutional collaborative RPS working group. Ann Surg 2016; 263: 1002-1009 doi:10.1097/SLA.0000000000001447
- 5 Cloutier JM, Charville GW. Diagnostic classification of soft tissue malignancies: a review and update from a surgical pathology perspective. Curr Probl Cancer 2019; 43: 250-272 doi:10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2019.05.006
- 6 Schaefer IM, Fletcher CDM. Recent advances in the diagnosis of soft tissue tumours. Pathology 2018; 50: 37-48 doi:10.1016/j.pathol.2017.07.007
- 7 Huang SC, Huang HY. Solitary fibrous tumor: an evolving and unifying entity with unsettled issues. Histol Histopathol 2019; 34: 313-334 doi:10.14670/HH-18-064
- 8 Thway K, Ng W, Noujaim J. et al. The current status of solitary fibrous tumor: diagnostic features, variants, and genetics. Int J Surg Pathol 2016; 24: 281-292 doi:10.1177/1066896915627485
- 9 Martin E, Muskens IS, Coert JH. et al. Treatment and survival differences across tumor sites in malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors: a SEER database analysis and review of the literature. Neurooncol Pract 2019; 6: 134-143 doi:10.1093/nop/npy025
- 10 Martin E, Coert JH, Flucke UE. et al. A nationwide cohort study on treatment and survival in patients with malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumours. Eur J Cancer 2019; 124: 77-87 doi:10.1016/j.ejca.2019.10.014
- 11 Kim A, Stewart DR, Reilly KM. et al. Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors state of the science: leveraging clinical and biological insights into effective therapies. Sarcoma 2017; 2017: 7429697 doi:10.1155/2017/7429697
- 12 Tap WD, Jones RL, Van Tine BA. et al. Olaratumab and doxorubicin versus doxorubicin alone for treatment of soft-tissue sarcoma: an open-label phase 1b and randomised phase 2 trial. Lancet 2016; 388: 488-497 doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)30587-6
- 13 Patel SR, Vadhan-Raj S, Burgess MA. et al. Results of two consecutive trials of dose-intensive chemotherapy with doxorubicin and ifosfamide in patients with sarcomas. Am J Clin Oncol 1998; 21: 317-321 doi:10.1097/00000421-199806000-00025
- 14 Judson I, Verweij J, Gelderblom H. et al. Doxorubicin alone versus intensified doxorubicin plus ifosfamide for first-line treatment of advanced or metastatic soft-tissue sarcoma: a randomised controlled phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol 2014; 15: 415-423 doi:10.1016/S1470-2045(14)70063-4
- 15 Schöffski P, Chawla S, Maki RG. et al. Eribulin versus dacarbazine in previously treated patients with advanced liposarcoma or leiomyosarcoma: a randomised, open-label, multicentre, phase 3 trial. Lancet 2016; 387: 1629-1637 doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(15)01283-0
- 16 van der Graaf WT, Blay JY, Chawla SP. et al. Pazopanib for metastatic soft-tissue sarcoma (PALETTE): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial. Lancet 2012; 379: 1879-1886 doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60651-5
- 17 Issels RD, Lindner LH, Verweij J. et al. Neo-adjuvant chemotherapy alone or with regional hyperthermia for localised high-risk soft-tissue sarcoma: a randomised phase 3 multicentre study. Lancet Oncol 2010; 11: 561-570 doi:10.1016/S1470-2045(10)70071-1
- 18 Issels RD, Lindner LH, Verweij J. et al. Effect of neoadjuvant chemotherapy plus regional hyperthermia on long-term outcomes among patients with localized high-risk soft tissue sarcoma: The EORTC62961-ESHO 95 randomized clinical trial. JAMA Oncol 2018; 4: 483-492 doi:10.1001/jamaoncol.2017.4996
- 19 Gronchi A, Ferrari S, Quagliuolo V. et al. Histotype-tailored neoadjuvant chemotherapy versus standard chemotherapy in patients with high-risk soft-tissue sarcomas (ISG-STS1001): an international, open-label, randomised, controlled, phase 3, multicentre trial. Lancet Oncol 2017; 18: 812-822 doi:10.1016/S1470-2045(17)30334-0
- 20 Bonvalot S, Rivoire M, Castaing M. et al. Primary retroperitoneal sarcomas: a multivariate analysis of surgical factors associated with local control. J Clin Oncol 2009; 27: 31-37 doi:10.1200/JCO.2008.18.0802
- 21 Hassan I, Park SZ, Donohue JH. et al. Operative management of primary retroperitoneal sarcomas: a reappraisal of an institutional experience. Ann Surg 2004; 239: 244-250 doi:10.1097/01.sla.0000108670.31446.54
- 22 Le Péchoux C, Musat E, Baey C. et al. Should adjuvant radiotherapy be administered in addition to front-line aggressive surgery (FAS) in patients with primary retroperitoneal sarcoma?. Ann Oncol 2013; 24: 832-837 doi:10.1093/annonc/mds516
- 23 Sampath S, Hitchcock YJ, Shrieve DC. et al. Radiotherapy and extent of surgical resection in retroperitoneal soft-tissue sarcoma: multi-institutional analysis of 261 patients. J Surg Oncol 2010; 101: 345-350 doi:10.1002/jso.21474
- 24 Kelly KJ, Yoon SS, Kuk D. et al. Comparison of perioperative radiation therapy and surgery versus surgery alone in 204 patients with primary retroperitoneal sarcoma: a retrospective 2-institution study. Ann Surg 2015; 262: 156-162 doi:10.1097/SLA.0000000000001063
- 25 Gronchi A, Lo Vullo S, Fiore M. et al. Aggressive surgical policies in a retrospectively reviewed single-institution case series of retroperitoneal soft tissue sarcoma patients. J Clin Oncol 2009; 27: 24-30 doi:10.1200/JCO.2008.17.8871
- 26 Gronchi A, Miceli R, Colombo C. et al. Frontline extended surgery is associated with improved survival in retroperitoneal low- to intermediate-grade soft tissue sarcomas. Ann Oncol 2012; 23: 1067-1073 doi:10.1093/annonc/mdr323
- 27 Lane WO, Cramer CK, Nussbaum DP. et al. Analysis of perioperative radiation therapy in the surgical treatment of primary and recurrent retroperitoneal sarcoma. J Surg Oncol 2015; 112: 352-358 doi:10.1002/jso.23996
- 28 Nussbaum DP, Speicher PJ, Gulack BC. et al. Long-term oncologic outcomes after neoadjuvant radiation therapy for retroperitoneal sarcomas. Ann Surg 2015; 262: 163-170 doi:10.1097/SLA.0000000000000840
- 29 Nussbaum DP, Rushing CN, Lane WO. et al. Preoperative or postoperative radiotherapy versus surgery alone for retroperitoneal sarcoma: a case-control, propensity score-matched analysis of a nationwide clinical oncology database. Lancet Oncol 2016; 17: 966-975 doi:10.1016/S1470-2045(16)30050-X
- 30 Cody HS3rd Turnbull AD, Fortner JG. et al. The continuing challenge of retroperitoneal sarcomas. Cancer 1981; 47: 2147-2152 doi:10.1002/1097-0142(19810501)47:9<2147::aid-cncr2820470907>3.0.co;2-z
- 31 Jaques DP, Coit DG, Hajdu SI. et al. Management of primary and recurrent soft-tissue sarcoma of the retroperitoneum. Ann Surg 1990; 212: 51-59 doi:10.1097/00000658-199007000-00008
- 32 Karakousis CP, Kontzoglou K, Driscoll DL. Resectability of retroperitoneal sarcomas: a matter of surgical technique?. Eur J Surg Oncol 1995; 21: 617-622 doi:10.1016/s0748-7983(95)95305-1
- 33 Nathan H, Raut CP, Thornton K. et al. Predictors of survival after resection of retroperitoneal sarcoma: a population-based analysis and critical appraisal of the AJCC staging system. Ann Surg 2009; 250: 970-976 doi:10.1097/SLA.0b013e3181b25183
- 34 Giuliano K, Nagarajan N, Canner JK. et al. Predictors of improved survival for patients with retroperitoneal sarcoma. Surgery 2016; 160: 1628-1635 doi:10.1016/j.surg.2016.05.041
- 35 Gronchi A, Lo Vullo S, Fiore M. et al. Aggressive surgical policies in a retrospectively reviewed single-institution case series of retroperitoneal soft tissue sarcoma patients. J Clin Oncol 2009; 27: 24-30 doi:10.1200/JCO.2008.17.8871
- 36 Gronchi A, Miceli R, Colombo C. et al. Frontline extended surgery is associated with improved survival in retroperitoneal low- to intermediate-grade soft tissue sarcomas. Ann Oncol 2012; 23: 1067-1073 doi:10.1093/annonc/mdr323
- 37 Bonvalot S, Miceli R, Berselli M. et al. Aggressive surgery in retroperitoneal soft tissue sarcoma carried out at high-volume centers is safe and is associated with improved local control. Ann Surg Oncol 2010; 17: 1507-1514 doi:10.1245/s10434-010-1057-5
- 38 Fairweather M, Wang J, Jo VY. et al. surgical management of primary retroperitoneal sarcomas: rationale for selective organ resection. Ann Surg Oncol 2018; 25: 98-106 doi:10.1245/s10434-017-6136-4
- 39 Crago AM. Extended surgical resection and histology in retroperitoneal sarcoma. Ann Surg Oncol 2015; 22: 1401-1403 doi:10.1245/s10434-014-4135-2
- 40 Pisters PW. Resection of some – but not all – clinically uninvolved adjacent viscera as part of surgery for retroperitoneal soft tissue sarcomas. J Clin Oncol 2009; 27: 6-8 doi:10.1200/JCO.2008.18.7138
- 41 Ikoma N, Roland CL, Torres KE. et al. Salvage surgery for recurrent retroperitoneal well-differentiated liposarcoma: early reoperation may not provide benefit. Ann Surg Oncol 2018; 25: 2193-2200 doi:10.1245/s10434-018-6417-6
- 42 Bremjit PJ, Jones RL, Chai X. et al. A contemporary large single-institution evaluation of resected retroperitoneal sarcoma. Ann Surg Oncol 2014; 21: 2150-2158 doi:10.1245/s10434-014-3616-7
- 43 Dingley B, Fiore M, Gronchi A. Personalizing surgical margins in retroperitoneal sarcomas: an update. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2019; 19: 613-631 doi:10.1080/14737140.2019.1625774
- 44 Rutkowski PL, Mullen JT. Management of the „other“ retroperitoneal sarcomas. J Surg Oncol 2018; 117: 79-86 doi:10.1002/jso.24893