COVID-19-Pandemie: Belastungen des medizinischen Personals

Jens Bohlken; Friederike Schömig; Matthias R. Lemke; Matthias Pumberger; Steffi G. Riedel-Heller

doi:10.1055/a-1159-5551

Psychiatrische Praxis, Table of Contents

Psychiatr Prax 2020; 47(04): 190-197
DOI: 10.1055/a-1159-5551

Übersicht

COVID-19-Pandemie: Belastungen des medizinischen Personals

Ein kurzer aktueller ReviewCOVID-19 Pandemic: Stress Experience of Healthcare WorkersA Short Current Review

Jens Bohlken

¹Institut für Sozialmedizin, Arbeitsmedizin und Public Health (ISAP) der Medizinischen Fakultät der Universität Leipzig

,

Friederike Schömig

²Centrum für Muskuloskeletale Chirurgie (CMSC), Klinik für Orthopädie, Klinik für Unfall- und Wiederherstellungschirurgie, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charité – Campus Berlin Mitte

,

Matthias R. Lemke

³Heinrich Sengelmann Kliniken, Ev. Stiftung Alsterdorf, Hamburg

,

Matthias Pumberger

²Centrum für Muskuloskeletale Chirurgie (CMSC), Klinik für Orthopädie, Klinik für Unfall- und Wiederherstellungschirurgie, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charité – Campus Berlin Mitte

,

Steffi G. Riedel-Heller

¹Institut für Sozialmedizin, Arbeitsmedizin und Public Health (ISAP) der Medizinischen Fakultät der Universität Leipzig

› Author Affiliations

Abstract

Zusammenfassung

Ziel Darstellung von Studien zur psychischen Belastung von medizinischem Personal unter Bedingungen der COVID-19-Pandemie.

Methodik PubMed-gestützte Suche mit den Stichworten COVID 19“, „stress“, „mental health“, „healthcare worker“, „staff“, „psychiatry“. Eingeschlossen wurden quantitative Studien, (inkl. „Letter to the editor“) zur Belastung des medizinischen Personals im Zeitraum von Januar bis März 2020.

Ergebnisse Es wurden 14 Studien mit Klinikpersonal aus Infektionsabteilungen, Abteilungen für Fieberkranke, Abteilungen der Inneren Medizin inklusive Intensivstationen sowie der Chirurgie und Psychiatrie identifiziert. Am häufigsten wurden der Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), die Self-rating-Anxiety Scale (SAS) und die Impact of Event Scale (IES-R) verwendet. Die Stichprobengröße schwankte zwischen 37 und 1257 Personen des überwiegend pflegerischen und ärztlichen Personals. Der Anteil an COVID-19-nahen Tätigkeiten schwankte zwischen 7,5 % und 100 %. Es wurde eine erhebliche Belastung durch Stresserleben, depressive und ängstliche Symptome berichtet. Schwere Ausprägungsgrade fanden sich bei 2,2–14,5 % der Befragten. Die Ausprägung der psychischen Symptomatik wurde beeinflusst durch Alter, Geschlecht, Berufsgruppe, Fachrichtung, Art der Tätigkeit und die Nähe zu COVID-19-Patienten. Als Mediatorvariablen wurden das Personalmanagement, die präventive Intervention, die Resilienz und vorhandene soziale Unterstützung angesehen.

Schlussfolgerung Angesichts der Häufigkeit psychischer Symptome bei medizinischem Personal erscheinen begleitende psychiatrisch-psychotherapeutisch informierte Interventionen notwendig, um eine Bewältigung zu unterstützen. Eine schnell einsetzende Forschung ist in diesem Bereich wünschenswert.

Abstract

Aim Review of studies on the psychological stress of healthcare workers caused by the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods A literature search of PubMed was performed using the terms “COVID-19”, “stress”, “mental health”, “healthcare worker”, “staff”, “psychiatry”. Quantitative studies (including letters to the editor) published from January to March 2020 were included.

Results 14 studies on healthcare workers in departments of infectiology, internal medicine, and fever wards including intensive care wards as well as surgery and psychiatry, were included. The Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ9), Self-rating-Anxiety Scale (SAS) and Impact of Event Scale (IES-R) were the most often used test instruments. The sample size ranged between 37 and 1257 participants consisting of mostly nursing and medical personnel. The fraction of COVID-19-associated activities varied from 7.5 % to 100 %. An extensive strain was reported due to stress experience as well as depression and anxiety symptoms. Severe degrees of those symptoms were found in 2.2 % to 14.5 % of all participants. The severity of mental symptoms was influenced by age, gender, occupation, specialization, type of activities performed and proximity to COVID-19 patients. As mediator variables selection of personnel, preventive interventions, resilience, and social support were reported.

Conclusion Considering the frequency of mental symptoms occurring in healthcare workers, accompanying mental health informed interventions to facilitate coping are necessary. Further research in this field is needed.

Schlüsselwörter

COVID-19 - Stress - Depression - Angst - medizinisches Personal - Ärzte - Pflege - Review

Keywords

COVID-19 - stress - mental health - staff - healthcare worker - physician - nurse - review

Full Text

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