Epidemiologie und Kontrollmaßnahmen bei COVID-19

Olaf Müller; Florian Neuhann; Oliver Razum

doi:10.1055/a-1162-1987

DMW - Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift, Table of Contents

Dtsch Med Wochenschr 2020; 145(10): 670-674
DOI: 10.1055/a-1162-1987

Review

Epidemiologie und Kontrollmaßnahmen bei COVID-19

Epidemiology and control of COVID-19

Olaf Müller

¹Heidelberg Institut für Global Health

,

Florian Neuhann

¹Heidelberg Institut für Global Health

²Gesundheitsamt der Stadt Köln

,

Oliver Razum

³Epidemiologie & International Public Health, Fakultät für Gesundheitswissenschaften der Universität Bielefeld

› Author Affiliations

Abstract

Zusammenfassung

Die Pandemie des Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), die durch das Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-related Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) verursacht wird, begann im Dezember 2019 in China. SARS-CoV-2 ist durch Tröpfcheninfektion leicht übertragbar. Nach einer Inkubationszeit von 1–14 Tagen zeigt COVID-19 in 80 % der beobachteten Fälle einen leichten und in 20 % einen schweren Verlauf, bei 0,3–5,8 % Letalität. Ältere Menschen und Menschen mit Grunderkrankungen haben ein höheres Risiko für schwere Verläufe mit Beatmungspflicht. Es gibt bisher weder wirksame Medikamente noch eine Impfung, somit stehen nur Public-Health-Interventionen wie einerseits physisches Abstandhalten und Hygienemaßnahmen sowie andererseits gezieltes Testen gefolgt von Isolations- und Quarantänemaßnahmen zur Verfügung. China hat gezeigt, dass ein maximaler Einsatz der Maßnahmen die Epidemie kontrollieren kann. Der weitere Verlauf und auch die Konsequenzen für die Weltwirtschaft sind zurzeit noch nicht klar vorhersehbar.

Abstract

The Coronavirus Disease Pandemic 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-related Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), started in December 2019 in China. SARS-CoV-2 is easily transmitted by droplet infection. After an incubation period of 1–14 days, COVID-19 shows a mild course in 80 % of observed cases and a severe course in 20 %, with a lethality rate of 0.3–5.8 %. Elderly people and people with underlying diseases have a higher risk of severe courses with mandatory ventilation. So far there are neither effective drugs nor vaccinations available, so only public health interventions such as physical distancing and hygiene measures on the one hand and targeted testing followed by isolation and quarantine measures on the other hand are available. China has shown that maximum use of these measures can control the epidemic. The further course and also the consequences for the global economy cannot be clearly predicted at present.

Schlüsselwörter

Coronavirus - SARS-CoV-2 - COVID-19 - Pandemie - Epidemiologie - Kontrolle

Key words

Corona virus - SARS-CoV-2 - COVID-19 - pandemic - epidemiology - control

Full Text

References

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