Operationsindikationen bei der chronischen Pankreatitis

Zusammenfassung

Die chronische Pankreatitis stellt eine über die Jahre rezidivierende Erkrankung mit wiederkehrenden Entzündungsschüben der Bauchspeicheldrüse und gürtelförmigen Oberbauchschmerzen dar. Unbehandelt führt die chronische Pankreatitis zu rezidivierenden Schmerzen, die letztendlich häufig eine Therapie mit Opiaten erfordern. Die chronische Pankreatitis führt zu rezidivierenden Krankenhausaufenthalten der Betroffenen sowie zu sozioökonomischen Nachteilen für die Patienten. Im Verlauf kann es zu lokalen Folgen der chronischen Pankreatitis kommen wie Pseudozystenbildung, Gallengangstenose, Duodenalobstruktion oder portaler Hypertension. Ziel dieses Artikels ist die Darstellung der Indikationen zur chirurgischen Therapie für die chronische Pankreatitis. Zugrunde liegend ist eine systematische Literaturrecherche und Bewertung, die Erstellung von Schlüsselfragen nach dem PICO-Prinzip und die Evaluation der Indikationen in einem 3-stufigen Delphi-Verfahren unter den Mitgliedern der Arbeitsgruppe Pankreas und der Arbeitsgruppe Indikationsqualität der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Allgemein- und Viszeralchirurgie. Die chirurgische Resektion des entzündlichen Pankreaskopftumors nach einem primär konservativen Therapieversuch stellt eine hocheffiziente Therapie zur Kontrolle der Schmerzen und zur Vermeidung von Komplikationen bei der chronischen Pankreatitis dar. Hierfür stehen gut evaluierte duodenumerhaltende (Operationen nach Frey, Bern, Beger) und duodenumresezierende Verfahren (pyloruserhaltende Pankreaskopfresektion, Whipple-Operation) sowie Drainageoperationen zur Verfügung. Protrahierung der chirurgischen Therapie bei Versagen eines initialen konservativen Therapieversuchs kann zur Chronifizierung von Schmerzen, Kachexie und Malnutrition des Patienten und zur Erhöhung der Komplikationen bei der chirurgischen Therapie führen.

Abstract

Chronic pancreatitis is a recurrent disease with repeating exacerbations of inflammation of the pancreatic gland – associated with belt-like back pain. Without treatment, recurrent chronic pancreatitis leads to development of opioid-dependent pain. The chronic pancreatitis leads to recurrent hospital stays for the affected patient and socioeconomic challenges. In progress it can lead to local complications of chronic pancreatitis, such as formation of pseudocysts, biliary duct obstruction, duodenal obstruction or portal hypertension. The aim of this article is a detailed description of the indication for surgical therapy in chronic pancreatitis. The underlying analysis was a systematic literature research and evaluation, the formulation of key questions according to the PICO system and the evaluation of indications and key statements and questions, as implemented in a three level Delphi process among the members of the pancreas research group and the indications for the surgery group of the German Society of General and Visceral Surgery (DGAV). Surgical resection of the inflammatory pancreatic head pseudotumour, after initial conservative therapy, is a highly efficient therapy for the control of pain and the avoidance of complications in chronic pancreatitis. For this purpose, well evaluated surgical strategies are available. Delay in surgical therapy can lead to chronic pain, kachexia and malnutrition and increase complications of surgical therapy.

Schlüsselwörter

chronische Pankreatitis - OP-Indikation - PICO - Chirurgie - Pankreas

Key words

chronic pancreatitis - indication - surgery - PICO - pancreas

Publication History

Article published online:
29 July 2020

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