ERCP in patients with COVID-19 infection – is a single-use duodenoscope the safer option?

We read with interest the article by Zhang et al. regarding suggestions for infection prevention and control in digestive endoscopy during the COVID-19 pandemic in Wuhan, China [1]. All upper gastrointestinal endoscopy procedures are aerosol generating, hence there is risk of spreading infection [2]. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) carries the additional risk of duodenoscope-related infection [3] [4].

Recently, the US Food and Drug Administration approved the use of disposable duodenoscopes. We report performing an ERCP in a patient with cholangitis who was under investigation for COVID-19 using a single-use duodenoscope. The patient was a 90-year-old woman with a past history of congestive heart failure and dementia who presented with fever and abdominal pain. She was tested for COVID-19. Physical examination, laboratory data, and imaging were suggestive of acute cholangitis and septic shock. Therefore, we proceeded to ERCP and, given that the patient was under investigation for COVID-19, she was presumed to be positive as per our institutional guidelines. A single-use duodenoscope (EXALT Model D; Boston Scientific Corporation, Marlborough, Massachusetts, USA) was used for the procedure. The common bile duct was cannulated and a cholangiogram revealed choledocholithiasis. A biliary sphincterotomy was deferred because of clopidogrel use and a plastic biliary stent was placed. The procedure duration was 15 minutes. Upon completion, the endoscope was disconnected from the processor and sealed in a bag, and the room was disinfected.

Single-use duodenoscopes could be beneficial in COVID-19 patients requiring ERCP. The use of a disposable duodenoscope eliminates the low risk of patient-to-patient transmission related to inadequate disinfection. There is also a risk of aerosolization during disinfection and therefore of exposure risk to personnel performing endoscope cleaning, both in the procedure room and in the endoscope cleaning room. Furthermore, the theoretical risk of aerosolization during endoscope disinfection could contaminate the cleaning room necessitating its closure for 30 minutes after the disinfection process is completed.

Using a single-use duodenoscope for ERCP in patients with confirmed or suspected COVID-19 may be a reasonable strategy to reduce the risk of infection among patients and healthcare personnel. However, more data are needed to see if SARS-Cov-2 specifically is difficult to remove from duodenoscopes, and considerations of cost-effectiveness and environmental impact of single-use devices will need to be taken into account.

Publication History

Article published online:
23 September 2020

• References

• 1 Zhang Y, Zhang X, Liu L. et al. Suggestions for infection prevention and control in digestive endoscopy during current 2019-nCoV pneumonia outbreak in Wuhan, Hubei province, China. Endoscopy 2020; 52: 312-314
• 2 Repici A, Maselli R, Colombo M. et al. Coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak: what the department of endoscopy should know. Gastrointest Endosc 2020; DOI: 10.1016/j.gie.2020.03.019.
• 3 Christensen M, Matzen P, Schulze S. et al. Complications of ERCP: a prospective study. Gastrointest Endosc 2004; 60: 721-731
• 4 Rex DK, Sieber M, Lehman GA. et al. A double-reprocessing high-level disinfection protocol does not eliminate positive cultures from the elevators of duodenoscopes. Endoscopy 2018; 50: 588-596