Subscribe to RSS
DOI: 10.1055/a-1192-6187
Effects of a 20-min Nap after Sleep Deprivation on Brain Activity and Soccer Performance

Abstract
We examined effects of a 20-min nap following 3 h of sleep deprivation on brain wave activity, auditory reaction time, the running-based anaerobic sprint test, leg muscle strength and the rating of perceived exertion in male college soccer players. Eleven players underwent three sleep conditions; normal sleep, sleep deprivation and 20-min nap after sleep deprivation. The sleep deprivation demonstrated an increase in the mean power of delta waves over the frontal area and a decrease in the mean power of alpha waves over the parietal area compared to the normal sleep. The nap and the sleep deprivation showed an increase in auditory reaction time compared with those in the normal sleep. The sleep deprivation demonstrated a decrease in the running-based anaerobic sprint test compared to the normal sleep, whereas the nap has partially reversed only minimal power and average power of the running-based anaerobic sprint test. The nap showed a recovery effect on leg muscle strength, but not on the rating of perceived exertion compared with the sleep deprivation. Thus, a 20-min nap after sleep deprivation did not completely return brain activity back to active state and did not entirely reverse the negative impact of sleep deprivation on soccer performance in soccer players.
Key words
running-based anaerobic sprint test (RAST) - RPE scale - the nap opportunity - auditory reaction time - electroencephalogram (EEG)Publication History
Received: 15 November 2019
Accepted: 18 May 2020
Article published online:
06 July 2020
© 2020. Thieme. All rights reserved.
Georg Thieme Verlag KG
Rüdigerstraße 14, 70469 Stuttgart, Germany
-
References
- 1
Alhola P,
Polo-Kantola P.
Sleep deprivation: Impact on cognitive performance. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2007;
3: 553-567
MissingFormLabel
- 2
Mah CD,
Kezirian EJ,
Marcello BM.
et al. Poor sleep quality and insufficient sleep of a collegiate student-athlete
population. Sleep Health 2018; 4: 251-257
MissingFormLabel
- 3
Erlacher D,
Ehrlenspiel F,
Adegbesan OA.
et al. Sleep habits in German athletes before important competitions or games. J Sports
Sci 2011; 29: 859-866
MissingFormLabel
- 4
Juliff LE,
Halson SL,
Peiffer JJ.
Understanding sleep disturbance in athletes prior to important competitions. J Sci
Med Sport 2015; 18: 13-18 doi:10.1016/j.jsams.2014.02.007
MissingFormLabel
- 5
Reilly T,
Edwards B.
Altered sleep-wake cycles and physical performance in athletes. Physiol Behav 2007;
90: 274-284 doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2006.09.017
MissingFormLabel
- 6
Cullen T,
Thomas G,
Wadley AJ.
et al. The effects of a single night of complete and partial sleep deprivation on
physical and cognitive performance: A Bayesian analysis. J Sports Sci 2019; 37: 2726-2734.
MissingFormLabel
- 7
Fullagar HH,
Skorski S,
Duffield R.
et al. Sleep and athletic performance: the effects of sleep loss on exercise
performance, and physiological and cognitive responses to exercise. Sports Med 2015;
45: 161-186
MissingFormLabel
- 8
Souissi N,
Chtourou H,
Aloui A.
et al. Effects of time-of-day and partial sleep deprivation on short-term maximal
performances of judo competitors. J Strength Cond Res 2013; 27: 2473-2480.
MissingFormLabel
- 9
Abedelmalek S,
Chtourou H,
Aloui A.
et al. Effect of time of day and partial sleep deprivation on plasma concentrations
of
IL-6 during a short-term maximal performance. Eur J Appl Physiol 2013; 113: 241-248
MissingFormLabel
- 10
Reyner LA,
Horne JA.
Sleep restriction and serving accuracy in performance tennis players, and
effects of caffeine. Physiol Behav 2013; 120: 93-96 doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2013.07.002
MissingFormLabel
- 11
Mejri MA,
Yousfi N,
Mhenni T.
et al. Does one night of partial sleep deprivation affect the evening performance
during intermittent exercise in Taekwondo players?. J Exerc Rehabil 2016; 12: 47-53
MissingFormLabel
- 12
Verweij IM,
Romeijn N,
Smit DJ.
et al. Sleep deprivation leads to a loss of functional connectivity in frontal brain
regions. BMC Neurosci 2014; 15: 88.
MissingFormLabel
- 13
Gorgoni M,
Ferlazzo F,
Ferrara M.
et al. Topographic electroencephalogram changes associated with psychomotor vigilance
task performance after sleep deprivation. Sleep Med 2014; 15: 1132-1139
MissingFormLabel
- 14
Posada-Quintero HF,
Reljin N,
Bolkhovsky JB.
et al. Brain activity correlates with cognitive performance deterioration during sleep
deprivation. Front Neurosci 2019; 13: 1001.
MissingFormLabel
- 15
Brooks A,
Lack L.
A brief afternoon nap following nocturnal sleep restriction: Which nap duration
is most recuperative?. Sleep 2006; 29: 831-840 doi:10.1093/sleep/29.6.831
MissingFormLabel
- 16
Gillberg M,
Kecklund G,
Axelsson J.
et al. The effects of a short daytime nap after restricted night sleep. Sleep 1996;
19: 570-575
MissingFormLabel
- 17
Tietzel AJ,
Lack LC.
The recuperative value of brief and ultra-brief naps on alertness and cognitive
performance. J Sleep Res 2002; 11: 213-218 doi:10.1046/j.1365-2869.2002.00299.x
MissingFormLabel
- 18
O’Donnell S,
Beaven CM,
Driller M.
The influence of match-day napping in elite female netball athletes. Int J Sports
Physiol Perform 2018; 13: 1143-1148 doi:10.1123/ijspp.2017-0793
MissingFormLabel
- 19
Hammouda O,
Romdhani M,
Chaabouni Y.
et al. Diurnal napping after partial sleep deprivation affected hematological and
biochemical responses during repeated sprint. Biological Rhythm Research 2018; 49:
927-939
MissingFormLabel
- 20
Petit E,
Mougin F,
Bourdin H.
et al. A 20-min nap in athletes changes subsequent sleep architecture but does not
alter physical performances after normal sleep or 5-h phase-advance
conditions. Eur J Appl Physiol 2014; 114: 305-315.
MissingFormLabel
- 21
Nedelec M,
Halson S,
Abaidia AE.
et al. Stress, sleep and recovery in elite soccer: a critical review of the
literature. Sports Med 2015; 45: 1387-1400
MissingFormLabel
- 22
Pallesen S,
Gundersen HS,
Kristoffersen M.
et al. The effects of sleep deprivation on soccer skills. Percept Mot Skills 2017;
124: 812-829
MissingFormLabel
- 23
Harriss DJ,
MacSween A,
Atkinson G.
Ethical standards in sport and exercise science research: 2020 update. Int J Sports
Med 2019; 40: 813-817 doi:10.1055/a-1015-3123
MissingFormLabel
- 24
Sargent C,
Lastella M,
Romyn G.
et al. How well does a commercially available wearable device measure sleep in young
athletes?. Chronobiol Int 2018; 35: 754-758
MissingFormLabel
- 25
Monk TH.
The post-lunch dip in performance. Clin Sports Med 2005; 24: e15-e23 xi-xii. doi:10.1016/j.csm.2004.12.002
MissingFormLabel
- 26
Reilly T,
Atkinson G,
Edwards B.
et al. Diurnal variation in temperature, mental and physical performance, and tasks
specifically related to football (soccer). Chronobiol Int 2007; 24: 507-519
MissingFormLabel
- 27
Klem GH,
Luders HO,
Jasper HH.
et al. The ten-twenty electrode system of the International Federation. The
International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol
Suppl 1999; 52: 3-6
MissingFormLabel
- 28
Siripornpanich V,
Rachiwong S,
Ajjimaporn A.
A pilot study on salivary cortisol secretion and auditory P300 event-related
potential in patients with physical disability-related stress. Int J Neurosci 2020;
170-175 doi:10.1080/00207454.2019.1667786
MissingFormLabel
- 29
Zagatto AM,
Beck WR,
Gobatto CA.
Validity of the running anaerobic sprint test for assessing anaerobic power and
predicting short-distance performances. J Strength Cond Res 2009; 23: 1820-1827 doi:10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181b3df32
MissingFormLabel
- 30
Burgess KE,
Holt T,
Munro S,
Swinton P.
Reliability and validity of the running anaerobic sprint test (RAST) in soccer
players. Journal of Trainology 2016; 5: 24-29 doi:10.17338/trainology.5.2_24
MissingFormLabel
- 31
Buchheit M.
The 30-15 intermittent fitness test: Accuracy for individualizing interval
training of young intermittent sport players. J Strength Cond Res 2008; 22: 365-374
doi:10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181635b2e
MissingFormLabel
- 32
Koley S,
Khajuria A,
Melton S.
The correlation between back strength and leg strength among Indian
inter-university male cricketers. Facta Universitatis-Series: Physical Education and
Sport 2010; 8: 125-127
MissingFormLabel
- 33
Borg G.
Psychophysical scaling with applications in physical work and the perception of
exertion. Scand J Work Environ Health 1990; 16 Suppl 1 55-58
MissingFormLabel
- 34
Munch M,
Knoblauch V,
Blatter K.
et al. The frontal predominance in human EEG delta activity after sleep loss decreases
with age. Eur J Neurosci 2004; 20: 1402-1410
MissingFormLabel
- 35
Knoblauch V,
Krauchi K,
Renz C.
et al. Homeostatic control of slow-wave and spindle frequency activity during human
sleep: Effect of differential sleep pressure and brain topography. Cereb Cortex 2002;
12: 1092-1100
MissingFormLabel
- 36
McCormick DA,
Bal T.
Sleep and arousal: thalamocortical mechanisms. Annu Rev Neurosci 1997; 20: 185-215.
doi:10.1146/annurev.neuro.20.1.185
MissingFormLabel
- 37
Klimesch W.
EEG alpha and theta oscillations reflect cognitive and memory performance: A
review and analysis. Brain Res Brain Res Rev 1999; 29: 169-195
MissingFormLabel
- 38
Dijk DJ,
Czeisler CA.
Contribution of the circadian pacemaker and the sleep homeostat to sleep
propensity, sleep structure, electroencephalographic slow waves, and sleep
spindle activity in humans. J Neurosci 1995; 15: 3526-3538
MissingFormLabel
- 39
Ferreira C,
Deslandes A,
Moraes H.
et al. Electroencephalographic changes after one night of sleep deprivation. Arq Neuropsiquiatr
2006; 64: 388-393
MissingFormLabel
- 40
Taub JM,
Tanguay PE,
Clarkson D.
Effects of daytime naps on performance and mood in a college student
population. J Abnorm Psychol 1976; 85: 210-217
MissingFormLabel
- 41
Hayashi M,
Ito S,
Hori T.
The effects of a 20-min nap at noon on sleepiness, performance and EEG
activity. Int J Psychophysiol 1999; 32: 173-180
MissingFormLabel
- 42
Milner CE,
Cote KA.
Benefits of napping in healthy adults: impact of nap length, time of day, age,
and experience with napping. J Sleep Res 2009; 18: 272-281. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2869.2008.00718.x
MissingFormLabel
- 43
Muto V,
Jaspar M,
Meyer C.
et al. Local modulation of human brain responses by circadian rhythmicity and sleep
debt. Science 2016; 353: 687-690.
MissingFormLabel
- 44
Durmer JS,
Dinges DF.
Neurocognitive consequences of sleep deprivation. Semin Neurol 2005; 25: 117-129 doi:10.1055/s-2005-867080
MissingFormLabel
- 45
Daaloul H,
Souissi N,
Davenne D.
Effects of napping on alertness, cognitive, and physical outcomes of karate
athletes. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2019; 51: 338-345 doi:10.1249/MSS.0000000000001786
MissingFormLabel
- 46
Waterhouse J,
Atkinson G,
Edwards B.
et al. The role of a short post-lunch nap in improving cognitive, motor, and sprint
performance in participants with partial sleep deprivation. J Sports Sci 2007; 25:
1557-1566
MissingFormLabel
- 47
Kim TW,
Jeong JH,
Hong SC.
The impact of sleep and circadian disturbance on hormones and metabolism. Int J Endocrinol
2015; 2015: 591729
MissingFormLabel
- 48
Abdessalem R,
Boukhris O,
Hsouna H.
et al. Effect of napping opportunity at different times of day on vigilance and shuttle
run performance. Chronobiol Int 2019; 36: 1334-1342.
MissingFormLabel
- 49
Boukhris O,
Abdessalem R,
Ammar A.
et al. Nap opportunity during the daytime affects performance and perceived exertion
in
5-m shuttle run test. Front Physiol 2019; 10: 779
MissingFormLabel
- 50
Hsouna H,
Boukhris O,
Abdessalem R.
et al. Effect of different nap opportunity durations on short-term maximal performance,
attention, feelings, muscle soreness, fatigue, stress and sleep. Physiol Behav 2019;
211: 112673.
MissingFormLabel