In der Prävention des ischämischen Schlaganfalls gilt es vor allem die klassischen kardiovaskulären Risikofaktoren zu reduzieren und zu behandeln: u. a. Bluthochdruck, Hypercholesterinämie und Diabetes mellitus. Wie bei anderen verbreiteten Volkskrankheiten hilft ein gesunder Lebensstil dabei, Risikofaktoren zu kontrollieren und das Schlaganfallrisiko zu senken – oft sogar effektiver als Medikamente.
Abstract
Changes of lifestyle have a substantial effect on stroke prevention, especially in high-risk patients. Maintaining a healthier lifestyle can have greater effects than most pharmacological therapies of cardiovascular prevention. For example, increasing the amount of physical activity, adopting a healthy diet, limiting alcohol consumption and quitting smoking are associated with a 70 % decrease in stroke risk. Despite the abundance of observational data and meta-analyses assessing the association of different lifestyle changes and stroke risk, the literature frequently lacks evidence from randomized controlled clinical trial. This article will provide an overview of various forms of lifestyle changes and summarize their potential to modify the risk of stroke.
Schlüsselwörter
Schlaganfall - Prävention - Lebensstil - Risikofaktoren - Ernährung - körperliche Aktivität - Schlaf
Key words
stroke - prevention - lifestyle - risk factors - diet - physical activity - sleep
