Anatomy of Perforating veins of the lower limb

Zusammenfassung

Die Perforansvenen (PV) der unteren Extremitäten sind nicht nur gerade und direkte Verbindungen zwischen den tiefen und oberflächlichen Venennetzen, sondern bilden gemeinsam ein weit verzweigtes Netz. Trotz ihrer starken anatomischen Variabilität ist ihre Position bemerkenswert konstant und prognostizierbar. Dies ist durch ihre enge Beziehung zu den Muskelvenen bedingt und durch die hämodynamischen Ebenen entlang der Extremität zu erklären. Sie sind bei der Beurteilung durch Ultraschalluntersucher in der täglichen Praxis eine Hilfe.

Der anatomische Inhalt dieses Artikels stammt aus folgenden Quellen: Anatomische Präparationen von C. Gillot nach Latex-Injektion und anschließender farblicher Unterteilung von über 400 Extremitäten. Dreidimensionale Rekonstruktionen von CT-Venografien von 1200 Extremitäten und präoperativen Hautvenenvermessungen von 25 000 Extremitäten.

Es wird Folgendes beschrieben: Referenzpunkte der Extremität, Perforansvenen des Fußes, Beins und Sprunggelenks, der Wade, Anastomosen zwischen den Perforansvenen, Begleitarterien der Bein-PVs und Oberschenkel-PVs.

Abstract

The perforating veins (PVs) of the lower limbs are not just straight and direct communications between the deep and the superficial venous networks, they are commonly making a complex multi-branched network. Despite their great anatomical variability, their location is remarkably constant and predictable. This is due to their close relationship with the muscular veins, explained by the hemodynamical levels along the limb. This constitutes a help for their assessment by sonographers in daily practice.

The anatomical contents of this paper came from the following sources: Anatomical dissections by C. Gillot, after latex injection, then colored segmentation of more than 400 limbs. 3D reconstructions from CT venography of 1200 limbs and pre-surgical skin venous mapping of 25 000 limbs.

We successively describe: Landmarks of the limb, perforating veins of foot, leg and ankle, calf, interperforator anastomosis, accompanying arteries of leg PVs, popliteal fossa PVs, thigh PVs.

Key words

anatomy - perforating veins - 3D modeling - duplex US

Schlüsselwörter

Anatomie - Perforansvenen - 3-dimensionale Modellierung - Duplex-Sonografie

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