GnRH-Agonisten in der Kleintierpraxis – Was wissen wir 13 Jahre nach der EU-Zulassung?

Sabrina Stempel; Sandra Goericke-Pesch

doi:10.1055/a-1274-9268

Tierärztliche Praxis Ausgabe K: Kleintiere / Heimtiere, Inhaltsverzeichnis

Tierarztl Prax Ausg K Kleintiere Heimtiere 2020; 48(06): 420-432
DOI: 10.1055/a-1274-9268

Übersichtsartikel

GnRH-Agonisten in der Kleintierpraxis – Was wissen wir 13 Jahre nach der EU-Zulassung?

GnRH agonist implants in small animal practice – what do we know 13 years following EU registration?

Autor*innen

Sabrina Stempel
Sandra Goericke-Pesch

Reproduktionsmedizinische Einheit der Kliniken – Abteilung Kleintier, Stiftung Tierärztliche Hochschule Hannover, Hannover

Abstract

Zusammenfassung

Die Verfügbarkeit von GnRH-Agonist-Implantaten bietet die Möglichkeit der reversiblen, temporären Downregulation der endokrinen und germinativen Hodenfunktion bei Rüden und Frettchenrüden. Diese Übersichtsarbeit liefert einen Überblick über die zugelassene Indikation, Erzielung einer vorübergehenden Unfruchtbarkeit bei gesunden, unkastrierten, geschlechtsreifen Rüden (4,7 und 9,4 mg Deslorelin) und Frettchenrüden (9,4 mg Deslorelin) sowie über verschiedene Off-Label-Indikationen. Die Off-Label-Anwendung erfordert eine strenge Indikationsstellung, Besitzeraufklärung und einen Therapienotstand. Off-Label-Indikationen beim Rüden sind sexualhormonabhängiges (störendes) Verhalten, benigne Prostatahyperplasie, Adenome der perinealen Drüsen und Alopezie X. Die Anwendung erfolgt beim Frettchen zur Unterdrückung der Fertilität und des Zyklus, aber auch zur medikamentösen Therapie des Hyperadrenokortizismus. Bei Katze und Kater kann ebenso eine Unterdrückung der Fortpflanzung induziert werden. Problematisch sind hier insbesondere der variable Wirkeintritt und die unterschiedliche, z. T. sehr lange Wirkdauer. Während kein (ausreichend) kontrazeptiver Effekt bei männlichen Kaninchen und Meerschweinchen nachgewiesen wurde, kann das Implantat den Zyklus bei weiblichen Kaninchen und Meerschweinchen sowie die Reproduktion bei Ratten beiderlei Geschlechts unterdrücken. Bei Vögeln und Reptilien bestehen signifikante speziespezifische Unterschiede hinsichtlich Wirksamkeit, Wirkeintritt und Wirkdauer. Ein erfolgreicher Einsatz ist bei Huhn, Japanwachtel und Psittaziden hinsichtlich Verhinderung der Eiablage beschrieben, bei Tauben kommt es nur zur Reduktion der Eiablage. Berichte zum erfolgreichen Einsatz bei reproduktionsassoziierten Verhaltensproblemen (Federpicken, Aggressivität) liegen ebenfalls vor. Bei männlichen Tieren einzelner Vogelspezies (Japanwachtel, Zebrafink) bewirkt das Deslorelin-Implantat eine Reduktion der Testosteronkonzentration. Therapeutisch ist der erfolgreiche Einsatz beim Wellensittich mit hormonproduzierendem Sertoli-Zell-Tumor sowie beim Truthahn zur Verhaltensmodulation und Haltungserleichterung (Reduktion der Aggression) beschrieben. Bei Leguanen unterdrückt das Implantat die Ovaraktivität.

Abstract

The availability of GnRH agonist implants offers the possibility of a reversible, temporary downregulation of endocrine and germinative testicular function in male dogs and hobs. This review provides an overview of the registered indication, the induction of temporary infertility in healthy, intact, sexually mature male dogs (4.7 and 9.4 mg deslorelin) and hobs (9.4 mg deslorelin) as well as various off-label indications. Off-label use requires strict indications, informed consent from the owner and a lack of licensed medication (safe and optimum effect). Off-label indications in the male dog include sexual-hormone dependant (disturbing) behavior, benign prostatic hyperplasia, small adenomas of the hepatoid glands and alopecia X. Successful use of deslorelin implants for estrus suppression in jils, but also for the treatment of hyperadrenocorticism in ferrets in general have been described. Similarly, hormonal castration can be induced in tomcats and queens. The variable time to onset of effect and its duration (extremely variable in some animals) represent a challenge for breeders. No (sufficient) contraceptive activity was identified in male rabbits and male guinea pigs; however, treatment did successfully suppress the estrus cycle in female individuals of these species, as well as reproductive activity in male and female rats. Regarding the use in birds and reptiles, significant species-specific differences exist with regard to efficacy, time until onset of effect and duration of downregulation. In birds, the implant is efficient to fully suppress egg laying in chicken, Japanese quail and psittacids. In doves, egg laying is only significantly reduced. Successful treatment of reproduction-associated (unwanted) behaviour patterns (feather picking, aggression) has also been described. In some male birds, namely zebrafinch and Japanese quail, the deslorelin implant is suitable to reduce testosterone levels. Successful treatment of hormone-dependent tumours (Sertoli-cell tumorus) in budgerigars has been described as well as the modulation of specific behavior in turkeys and an efficacy in facilitating their keeping (i. e. reduction of aggression). In reptiles, only the successful use of deslorelin in iguana has been demonstrated to date.

Schlüsselwörter

Testkastration - Deslorelin - GnRH-Agonist-Implantat - Kleintier - Exoten - Fertilitätsunterdrückung

Key words

Test castration - deslorelin - GnRH-agonist implant - small animals - exotic animals - fertility suppression

Volltext

Referenzen

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