Alternative operative Verfahren zur Behandlung der gastroösophagealen Refluxerkrankung

Zusammenfassung

Das Versagen der medikamentösen Therapie bei mehr als 30% der Patienten mit gastroösophagealer Refluxerkrankung (GERD) wie auch zunehmende Bedenken bez. einer säurehemmenden Dauertherapie haben zu einer neuen Fokussierung auf chirurgische Antirefluxtherapien geführt. Unter den Sphinkteraugmentationsverfahren haben die beiden laparoskopischen Verfahren, die magnetische (LINX) und die elektrische (EndoStim), eine breitere Anwendung gefunden. Die magnetische Sphinkteraugmentation stellte eine sehr sichere (Komplikationsrate 0,1% und Reoperationsrate 3,4%) Methode dar, die sowohl zu signifikanten Verbesserungen der subjektiven (GERD-HRQL-Verbesserung 19,9 auf 4,1; p = 0,001) als auch objektiven GERD-Erfolgsparameter (79% PPI-Freiheit und 89% Normalisierung der Säureexposition im distalen Ösophagus) führt. Die elektrische Sphinkteraugmentation hat erste vielversprechende Kurzzeitergebnisse in geringen Patientenanzahlen gezeigt (92% subjektive Beschwerdeverbesserung). Ein Vergleich zum operativen Goldstandard der laparoskopischen Fundoplikation ist bei beiden Methoden ausständig. Alternative, laparoskopische Antirefluxmethoden stellen eine potenzielle Alternative zur laparoskopischen Fundoplikation dar.

Abstract

Patient satisfaction when treated with acid-suppressing medication for chronic GERD disease is less than 70%. Surgical standardisation, centralisation, improved awareness of patient selection and new surgical methods have stimulated interest in surgical reflux therapy in recent years. Magnetic sphincter augmentation (MSA) seems to be a safe alternative to laparoscopic fundoplication, with reported complication rates of 0.1% and reoperation rates of 3.4% and is also effective (GERD-HRQL improvement from 19.9 to 4.1, p = 0.001 as well PPI cessation and pH normalisation in 79 and 89% of patients, respectively). Electric sphincter augmentation shows promising short-term results in small patient cohorts (92% symptomatic improvement). However, randomised controlled studies comparing these new techniques to the “gold standard” of laparoscopic fundoplication are still missing.

Schlüsselwörter

Abdominalchirurgie - Reflux - Ösophagussphinkter - Ösophagus - LINX

Key words

LINX - GERD - esophageal sphincter - esophagus

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