Resilienz

ZUSAMMENFASSUNG

Psychische Erkrankungen, insbesondere solche, in denen Stress ein wesentlicher pathogenetischer Faktor ist, gehören zu den häufigsten, belastendsten und kostenintensivsten Erkrankungen unserer Zeit. Andererseits ist psychische Gesundheit trotz häufiger Exposition durch allgegenwärtige Widrigkeiten und Stressoren das weitaus häufigere Phänomen als psychische Erkrankungen. Mit anderen Worten, Resilienz gegenüber stressassoziierten Erkrankungen ist der Regelfall. Die Erforschung psychischer Resilienz und ihrer zugrunde liegenden kognitiven und neurobiologischen Mechanismen bietet daher innovative Möglichkeiten zum Verständnis der natürlichen Schutzmechanismen gegenüber stressassoziierten psychischen Erkrankungen, weist neue Wege für Prävention und Gesundheitsförderung und ergänzt die krankheitsbezogene Forschung. Die Voraussetzungen für ein einheitliches Verständnis und eine erfolgreiche neurobiologische Erforschung von Resilienz sind geeignete Methoden zur Konzeptualisierung, Operationalisierung und der Planung von Studiendesigns. Zu diesen gehören ein transdiagnostisches Vorgehen, die Operationalisierung von Resilienz als „Outcome“, d. h. Ergebnis eines Entwicklungsprozesses, eine Erfassung und Berücksichtigung der Stressorexposition, längsschnittliche Studiendesigns und die translationale Identifizierung von Resilienzmechanismen.

ABSTRACT

Mental illnesses, especially those in which stress is a major pathogenetic factor, are among the most common, burdensome and costly diseases of our time. On the other hand, despite frequent exposure and omnipresent adversities and stressors, mental health is by far the more common phenomenon than mental illness, i. e. resilience to stress-associated illness is the rule. Research into psychological resilience and its underlying cognitive and neurobiological mechanisms therefore offers innovative opportunities for understanding the natural protective mechanisms against stress-associated mental illness, points to new avenues for prevention and health promotion, and complements disease-related research. The prerequisites for a uniform understanding and successful neurobiological research of resilience are appropriate methods of conceptualisations, operationalisations and study designs. These include a transdiagnostic approach, the operationalisation of resilience as the outcome of a developmental process, the appropriate measurement and consideration of stressorexposure, longitudinal study designs and the translational identification of resilience mechanisms.

Schlüsselwörter

Resilienz - Resilienzmessung - Resilienzkonzepte - Resilienzoperationalisierung - longitudinale Studien

Key words

Resilience - resilience measurement - resilience concepts - resilience operationalisation - longitudinal studies

Publication History

Article published online:
01 April 2021

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