Kolorektales Karzinom: Von der Prävention bis zur endoskopischen Diagnostik und Therapie

In den letzten Jahrzehnten wurden deutliche Fortschritte in Diagnostik und Therapie kolorektaler Karzinome erzielt. Dabei kommt der Prävention und der Früherkennung mittels endoskopischer Therapie ein zentraler Stellenwert zu. Wir stellen in diesem Beitrag die Bedeutung der primären und sekundären Prävention anhand von Pathogenese, Risikofaktoren und diagnostischen sowie therapeutischen endoskopischen Möglichkeiten vor.

Abstract

In recent decades, significant progress has been made in the diagnosis and treatment of colorectal carcinomas. Prevention and early detection with endoscopic therapy are of central importance. With the introduction of national screening programs, the early detection of adenomas and small tumors during colonoscopy has been significantly improved, thus reducing the incidence of colorectal carcinoma. In Germany, for example, this has been reduced by 17–26 % since its introduction in 2002. Thus, primary and secondary prevention are of considerable importance, although the annual uptake in Germany for screening Kolonoscopy is still only between 1.9 and 4.4 % and for stool test use between 8.6 and 27.1 %. We present here the importance of primary and secondary prevention based on pathogenesis, risk factors and diagnostic and therapeutic endoscopic options.

Schlüsselwörter

kolorektales Karzinom - Vorsorge - Koloskopie - Adenome - künstliche Intelligenz

Key words

colorectal carcinoma - screening - colonoscopy - adenomas - artificial intelligence

Publication History

Article published online:
05 November 2021

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