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Nervenheilkunde 2021; 40(07): 558-566
DOI: 10.1055/a-1488-4943
Übersichtsarbeit

Stand-Alone KVT-basierte Interventionen via Smartphone zur Förderung der psychischen Gesundheit[ * ]

Stand alone smartphone cognitive behavioral therapy-based ecological momentary interventions to increase mental health
Marta Anna Marciniak∗
1   Division of Experimental Psychopathology and Psychotherapy, Department of Psychology, University of Zurich
2   Psychiatric University Hospital (PUK), Zürich
,
Lilly Shanahan∗
1   Division of Experimental Psychopathology and Psychotherapy, Department of Psychology, University of Zurich
,
Judith Rohde∗
2   Psychiatric University Hospital (PUK), Zürich
,
Yamina Ehrt∗
2   Psychiatric University Hospital (PUK), Zürich
,
Ava Schulz∗
1   Division of Experimental Psychopathology and Psychotherapy, Department of Psychology, University of Zurich
2   Psychiatric University Hospital (PUK), Zürich
,
Carolin Wackerhagen∗
4   Research Division of Mind and Brain, Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin
,
Dorota Kobylińska∗
5   Institute of Psychology, University of Warsaw
,
Olivier Tüscher∗
6   Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz
,
Harald Binder∗
7   Institute for Medical Biometry and Statistics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg
,
Henrik Walter∗
4   Research Division of Mind and Brain, Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin
,
Raffael Kalisch∗
7   Institute for Medical Biometry and Statistics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg
8   Neuroimaging Center (NIC), Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN), Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz
,
Birgit Kleim∗
1   Division of Experimental Psychopathology and Psychotherapy, Department of Psychology, University of Zurich
2   Psychiatric University Hospital (PUK), Zürich
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ZUSAMMENFASSUNG

Einleitung Eine wachsende Zahl psychologischer Behandlungsangebote erfolgt über das Smartphone, bzw. über Apps. Viele der wissenschaftlich geprüften Apps basieren auf den Prinzipien der kognitiven Verhaltenstherapie (KVT), Goldstandard zur Behandlung vieler psychischer Problematiken. Ziel dieses Reviews war es, den Status Quo der Forschung zu Stand-Alone Smartphone-basierten Apps zusammenzufassen, welche auf diesen therapeutischen Ansätzen basieren und mittels App-basierten Ecological Momentary Interventions (EMIs) durchgeführt werden.

Methode Eine systematische Literaturrecherche in MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Embase und PubMed identifizierte 26 zwischen 2007 und 2020 publizierte, peer-reviewte Studien, in denen Durchführbarkeit und/oder Wirksamkeit und/oder Effektivität von KVT-basierten EMIs sowohl in Studiendesigns mit inter- als auch intraindividuellen Vergleichen, sowohl bei gesunden als auch klinischen Stichproben untersucht wurden. Gemischte Interventionen (blended interventions), z. B. App-basierte Behandlungen in Kombination mit klassischer Psychotherapie wurden nicht mitberücksichtigt.

Ergebnisse KVT-basierte EMIs wurden von Teilnehmern angenommen, verbesserten das Wohlbefinden der Nutzer signifikant und reduzierten Symptome psychischer Störungen. Stand-Alone EMIs wurden von den Teilnehmenden als hilfreich (M = 70,8 %) und bezüglich der Outcomes als zufriedenstellend (M = 72,6 %) eingeschätzt.

Schlussfolgerung In Summe zeigten die Studien, dass EMIs dazu beitragen können, die psychische Gesundheit zu verbessern und damit Individuen in ihrem täglichen Leben zu unterstützen. Sie bieten somit eine unmittelbar verfügbare, skalierbare und evidenzbasierte Form der Unterstützung psychischer Gesundheit. Diese Charakteristiken sind nicht zuletzt relevant im Kontext der Bemühungen, die individuellen und ökonomischen Kosten psychischer Erkrankungen zu reduzieren, wie auch im Kontext globaler Pandemien.

ABSTRACT

Introduction A growing number of psychological interventions are delivered via smartphone with the aim to increase the efficacy and effectiveness of these treatments and provide scalable access to interventions for improving mental health. Most of the scientifically tested apps are based on cognitive behavioural therapy principles which are considered as a gold standard for the treatment of many mental health problems. This review aimed to investigate standalone smartphone-based ‘ecological momentary interventions’ (EMIs) to improve mental health, that were built based on principles derived from cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT).

Methods We searched MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Embase and PubMed databases for peer-reviewed studies published between 1st January 2007 and 15th January 2020. We included studies with a focus on standalone app-based approaches to improve mental health and their feasibility, and/or efficacy and/or effectiveness. Both within- and between-group designs and studies with both healthy and clinical samples were included. Blended interventions, e. g., app-based treatments in combination with psychotherapy, were not included.

Results A total of 26 studies were selected. The results show that EMIs based on CBT principles can be successfully delivered, significantly increase well-being among users, and reduce mental health symptoms. Standalone EMIs were rated as helpful (m = 70.8 %), and outcomes were satisfying by users (m = 72.6 %).

Conclusions The studies show that EMIs may help increase mental health and thus support individuals in their daily life. Such EMIs provide readily available, scalable and evidence-based mental health support. These characteristics appear crucial in the context of reducing personal and economic costs of mental health impairment and in the context of global pandemics.

Schlüsselwörter

mHealth - Smartphone - Ecological Momentary Intervention - psychische Gesundheit - kognitive Verhaltenstherapie

Key words

mHealth - smartphone - ecological momentary intervention - mental health - cognitive behavioural therapy

1 *Dieser Beitrag ist eine deutsche Übersetzung. Die Originalarbeit wurde in JMIR mHealth uHealth https://mhealth.jmir.org/2020/11/e19836 erstveröffentlicht.




Publication History

Article published online:
09 July 2021

© 2021. Thieme. All rights reserved.

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