Download PDF
Fortschr Neurol Psychiatr 2022; 90(03): 100-107
DOI: 10.1055/a-1493-2782
Originalarbeit

Validität des „Strukturierten Fragebogens Simulierter Symptome“ [SIMS] bei gesunden Probanden und Patienten mit psychiatrischen Erkrankungen außerhalb eines forensischen Kontexts

Validity of the “Structured Inventory of Malingered Symptomatology” [SIMS] in the Assessment of Healthy Individuals and Patients with Psychiatric Disorders Outside the Forensic Context
Peter Praus
1   Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Zentralinstitut für Seelische Gesundheit, Mannheim, Germany
,
Stefan Schwarz
1   Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Zentralinstitut für Seelische Gesundheit, Mannheim, Germany
,
Iris Reinhard
2   Abteilung Biostatistik, Zentralinstitut für Seelische Gesundheit, Mannheim, Germany
,
Mathias Zink
1   Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Zentralinstitut für Seelische Gesundheit, Mannheim, Germany
3   Klinik für Psychiatrie, Psychotherapie und Psychosomatik, Bezirksklinikum Ansbach, Ansbach, Germany
,
Harald Dreßing
4   Forensische Psychiatrie, Zentralinstitut für Seelische Gesundheit, Mannheim, Germany
› Author Affiliations
› Further Information
    Permissions and Reprints

Zusammenfassung

Ziel der Studie Untersuchung der Rate falsch-positiver SIMS-Resultate bei gesunden Kontrollprobanden und Patienten außerhalb eines forensischen oder rehabilitativen Kontexts.

Methodik Neben dem SIMS wurden Variablen über Fremdratings (PANSS, Hamilton-Skala, MMSE) erfasst. Zielpunkte waren die SIMS- Scores bei Gesunden und einzelnen Patientengruppen und die Zusammenhänge zwischen dem SIMS-Score und weiteren Variablen.

Ergebnisse Patienten mit einer Schizophrenie (n=30) oder einer Depression (n=32) erzielten im Vergleich mit gesunden Probanden (n=36) häufiger SIMS-Scores >16. Patienten mit einer amnestischen Störung (n=15) schnitten im Vergleich hierzu unauffällig ab. Bei depressiven Patienten mit einem auffälligen SIMS-Resultat zeigte sich sowohl ein signifikanter Zusammenhang mit dem Vorliegen einer weiteren psychiatrischen Diagnose als auch eine Korrelation zwischen den Summenwerten auf der Hamilton-Skala und den Werten auf 2 Subskalen des SIMS (NI, AF).

Schlussfolgerung Weitere Validierungsstudien des SIMS sind erforderlich, sollte dieses Instrument auch künftig in der klinischen Praxis angewendet werden. Die Spezifität des SIMS weist wahrscheinlich eine Abhängigkeit vom Untersuchungskontext auf.

Abstract

Objective Assessment of the rate of false-positive results of the Structured Inventory of Malingered Symptomatology (SIMS) in healthy controls and authentic patients outside the forensic or rehabilitative context.

Methods Beyond the SIMS scores, further variables (PANSS, Hamilton scale, MMSE) were obtained. SIMS scores of healthy individuals were compared with the SIMS scores of the different groups of patients. Additionally, correlations between the SIMS scores and other variables were investigated.

Results Patients with psychotic disorders (n=30) or depressive episodes (n=32) more frequently achieved SIMS scores >16 as compared to healthy controls. In comparison, patients with amnestic disorders (n=15) had inconspicuous SIMS scores. Depressed patients with positive SIMS results were significantly more likely to be diagnosed with another psychiatric disorder and the scores of these patients on the Hamilton scale were correlated with positive results on 2 subscales of the SIMS (NI, AF).

Conclusion If this instrument is to applied in clinical practice in the future, further validation of the SIMS is necessary. The specificity of the SIMS seems to be context-related.

Schlüsselwörter

SIMS - Beschwerdenvalidierung - Patienten - Simulation

Keywords

SIMS - symptom validation - patients - malingering


Publication History

Received: 14 November 2020

Accepted: 25 April 2020

Article published online:
11 June 2021

© 2021. Thieme. All rights reserved.

Georg Thieme Verlag KG
Rüdigerstraße 14, 70469 Stuttgart, Germany

 

  • Literatur

  • 1 Dressing H, Widder B, Foerster K. Symptom validity tests in psychiatric assessment: a critical review. Versicherungsmedizin 2010; 62: 163-167
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 2 Dohrenbusch R, Henningsen R, Merten T. Assessment of malingering and dissimulation in the examination of subjects with mental and psychosomatic disorders. Versicherungsmedizin 2011; 63: 81-85
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 3 Smith GP, Burger GK. Detection of malingering: validation of the Structured Inventory of Malingered Symptomatology (SIMS). J Am Acad Psychiatry Law 1997; 25: 183-189
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 4 Cima M, Hollnack S, Kremer K. et al. The German version of the Structured Inventory of Malingered Symptomatology: SIMS. Nervenarzt 2003; 74: 977-986 DOI: 10.1007/s00115-002-1438-5.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 5 Jelicic M, Ceunen E, Peters MJ. et al. Detecting coached feigning using the Test of Memory Malingering (TOMM) and the Structured Inventory of Malingered Symptomatology (SIMS). J Clin Psychol 2011; 67: 850-855 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.20805.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 6 Edens JF, Poythress NG, Watkins-Clay MM. Detection of malingering in psychiatric unit and general population prison inmates: a comparison of the PAI, SIMS, and SIRS. J Pers Assess 2007; 88: 33-42 DOI: 10.1080/00223890709336832.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 7 van der Heide D, Merckelbach H. Validity of symptom reports of asylum seekers in a psychiatric hospital: A descriptive study. Int J Law Psychiatry 2016; 49: 40-46 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijlp.2016.05.007.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 8 Gobber J, Petermann F, Piegza M. et al. Symptom validation in patients with migration background in psychosomatic medicine. Rehabilitation (Stuttg) 2012; 51: 356-364 DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1323669.
    Article in Thieme ConnectPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 9 van Impelen A, Merckelbach H, Jelicic M. et al. The Structured Inventory of Malingered Symptomatology (SIMS): a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Neuropsychol 2014; 28: 1336-1365 DOI: 10.1080/13854046.2014.984763.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 10 Rogers R, Robinson EV, Gillard ND. The SIMS Screen for feigned mental disorders: the development of detection-based scales. Behav Sci Law 2014; 32: 455-466 DOI: 10.1002/bsl.2131.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 11 Merckelbach H, Smith GP. Diagnostic accuracy of the Structured Inventory of Malingered Symptomatology (SIMS) in detecting instructed malingering. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2003; 18: 145-152
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 12 Martin PK, Schroeder RW, Odland AP. Neuropsychologists’ Validity Testing Beliefs and Practices: A Survey of North American Professionals. Clin Neuropsychol 2015; 29: 741-776 DOI: 10.1080/13854046.2015.1087597.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 13 Kirchhoff L, Steinert T. Classification accuracy of the symptom validity tests Word Memory Test and the German version of the Structured Inventory of Malingered Symptomatology. Nervenarzt 2019; 90: 516–522 DOI: 10.1007/s00115-018-0637-7.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 14 Vitacco MJ, Caldwell MF, Van Rybroek GJ. et al. Psychopathy and behavioral correlates of victim injury in serious juvenile offenders. Aggress Behav 2007; 33: 537-544 DOI: 10.1002/ab.20211.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 15 Kobelt A, Gobber J, Bassler M. et al. Symptom validity in psychosomatic. rehabilitation. Rehabilitation (Stuttg) 2012; 51: 349-355 DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1323686.
    Article in Thieme ConnectPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 16 Dandachi-FitzGerald B, van Twillert B, van de Sande P. et al. Poor symptom and performance validity in regularly referred Hospital outpatients: Link with standard clinical measures, and role of incentives. Psychiatry Res 2016; 239: 47-53 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2016.02.061.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 17 Folstein MF, Folstein SE, McHugh PR. “Mini-mental state”. A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. J Psychiatr Res 1975; 12: 189-198
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 18 Hamilton M. A rating scale for depression. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1960; 23: 56-62
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 19 Kay SR, Fiszbein A, Opler LA. The positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS) for schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 1987; 13: 261-276
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 20 Bortz J, Schuster C. Statistik fr Human- und Sozialwissenschaftler. 7. vollst. berarb. und erw. Aufl. Aufl. Berlin u. a.: Springer 2010
    PubMed
  • 21 Benge JF, Wisdom NM, Collins RL. et al. Diagnostic utility of the Structured Inventory of Malingered Symptomatology for identifying psychogenic non-epileptic events. Epilepsy Behav 2012; 24: 439-444 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2012.05.007.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 22 Graue LO, Berry DT, Clark JA. et al. Identification of feigned mental retardation using the new generation of malingering detection instruments: preliminary findings. Clin Neuropsychol 2007; 21: 929-942 DOI: 10.1080/13854040600932137.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 23 van Beilen M, Griffioen BT, Gross A. et al. Psychological assessment of malingering in psychogenic neurological disorders and non-psychogenic neurological disorders: relationship to psychopathology levels. Eur J Neurol 2009; 16: 1118-1123 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2009.02655.x.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 24 Edens JF, Otto RK, Dwyer T. Utility of the structured inventory of malingered symptomatology in identifying persons motivated to malinger psychopathology. J Am Acad Psychiatry Law 1999; 27: 387-396
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 25 Vitacco MJ, Rogers R, Gabel J. et al. An evaluation of malingering screens with competency to stand trial patients: a known-groups comparison. Law Hum Behav 2007; 31: 249-260 DOI: 10.1007/s10979-006-9062-8.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 26 Peters MJV, Jelicic M, Moritz S, Hauschildt M, Jelinek L. Assessing the boundaries of symptom over-reporting using the Structured Inventory of Malingered Symptomatology in a clinical schizophrenia sample: Its relation to symptomatology and neurocognitive dysfunctions. Journal of Experimental Psychopathology 2013; 4: 64-77 DOI: 10.5127/jep.023811.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 27 Clegg C, Fremouw W., Mogge N. Utility of the Structured Inventory of Maingered Symptomatology (SIMS) and the Assessment of Depression Inventory (ADI) in screening for malingering among outpatients seeking to claim disability. Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology 2009; 20: 239-254 DOI: 10.1080/14789940802267760.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 28 Kupferberg A, Bicks L, Hasler G. Social functioning in major depressive disorder. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2016; 69: 313-332 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.07.002.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 29 Zimmerman M, Martinez JH, Young D. et al. Severity classification on the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. J Affekt Disord 2013; 150: 384-388 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2013.04.028.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 30 Dressing HF, Widder K, Schneider B, Falkai F, Zur P. Anwendung von Beschwerdenvalidierungstests in der psychiatrischen Begutachtung : Stellungnahme der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Psychiatrie, Psychotherapie und Nervenheilkunde (DGPPN). Der Nervenarzt 2011; 82: 388-390 DOI: 10.1007/s00115-011-3275-x.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar