Myeloid Leukemia Involvement or Intraocular Inflammation? Histopathological Examination of a Fibrinous Anterior Chamber Membrane

Introduction

Patients with lymphatic leukemia or systemic lymphoma may also present with clinical signs of ocular inflammation including inflammation of the anterior chamber membranes [1], [2]. Similar to lymphatic leukemia, myeloid leukemia, an oncogenic disease originating from the myeloid blood cell line (e.g., stemming from granulocytes, monocytes, erythrocytes and platelets), may present with various ocular features mostly affecting the posterior segment as a result of direct cellular invasion, non-perfusion of the retina or uvea or bleeding due to pancytopenia [3]. Clinical findings include optical nerve or retinal infiltration or uveitis [4]. Isolated presentation of anterior chamber affection is a rare feature and less common in myeloid leukemia than in lymphatic leukemia [5]. Therefore, it is not clear whether this affection is a tumorous infiltration or secondary inflammatory intraocular iridocyclitis due to systemic leukemia. To further illuminate this question, we report a case of acute myeloid leukemia with a massive unilateral whitish membrane and secondary hypopyon in the anterior chamber, which was investigated by immunohistological analysis.

Publication History

Received: 11 March 2021

Accepted: 04 August 2021

Article published online:
20 December 2021

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