Akute komplexe endovaskuläre Aortenchirurgie – Off-the-Shelf vs. Surgeon-modified Stentgrafts

Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund Die Behandlung komplexer abdomineller und thorakoabdomineller Aortenaneurysmen stellt für alle Beteiligten eine Herausforderung dar. Die offene chirurgische Versorgung ist ein Hochrisikoeingriff und ist besonders im Notfall mit erhöhter Morbidität und Mortalität assoziiert. Die endovaskuläre Ausschaltung mithilfe eines patientenspezifischen maßgefertigten Stentgrafts steht aufgrund der erforderlichen Herstellungszeit bei Patienten mit symptomatischen oder rupturierten komplexen Aneurysmen nicht zur Verfügung. In diesen Fällen müssen alternative endovaskuläre Techniken angewendet werden.

Ergebnisse Zu den endovaskulären Therapieoptionen komplexer Aneurysmen in dringenden Fällen und Notfällen zählen die „off-the-shelf“ und die „surgeon-modified“ Stentgrafts. Die ersten sind standardisiert hergestellte fenestrierte oder gebranchte Endoprothesen, die aufgrund der anatomischen Gegebenheiten bei etwa 50 – 80% der Patienten eingesetzt werden können. Die „surgeon-modified“ oder „vom Chirurgen modifizierten“ Stentgrafts beschreiben eine Technik, bei der eine kommerzielle Stentprothese unter sterilen Bedingungen und direkt vor der Implantation durch den Operateur bearbeitet wird, damit die benötigten Fenestrierungen, Scallops und Branches geschaffen werden. Die Modifikationsdauer beträgt 60 – 120 min angepasst an die Anatomie des Patienten. Es handelt sich um einen „off-label“-Gebrauch eines kommerziellen Stentgrafts außerhalb der Anweisungen des Herstellers und wenn möglich, sollte eine entsprechende ausführliche Patientenaufklärung als Behandlungsversuch stattfinden. In der Literatur sind ähnliche Ergebnisse bez. Morbidität und Mortalität zwischen „off-the-shelf“ und „surgeon-modified“ Prothesen publiziert. Ein direkter Vergleich dieser Verfahren scheint aus mehreren Gründen (unterschiedliches Prothesendesign, Selektionsbias, unterschiedliche Techniken in der Prothesenmodifikation) jedoch schwierig und anhand der Literatur allein nicht eindeutig durchführbar.

Schlussfolgerung Die „surgeon-modified“ sowie die „off-the-shelf“ fenestrierten/gebranchten Stentprothesen werden in der Versorgung von Hochrisikopatienten mit symptomatischen oder gedeckt rupturierten komplexen Aortenaneurysmen angewendet. Die Ergebnisse beider Techniken sind vergleichbar gut, obwohl die langfristige Funktionsdauer der modifizierten Stentprothesen weiter getestet werden sollte.

Abstract

Introduction Treatment of complex abdominal and thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms is challenging. Open surgical repair is a high-risk operation, especially in emergency cases. Endovascular aneurysm repair with a patient-specific custom-made stent graft in patients with symptomatic or ruptured complex aortic aneurysms is not possible, due to the manufacturing time required. In such cases, alternative endovascular techniques can be used.

Results The “off-the-shelf” and “surgeon-modified” stent grafts are valid options for the endovascular treatment of complex aneurysms in urgent and emergent patients. The former are standardised commercially manufactured fenestrated or branched stent grafts, which are available off-the-shelf with an anatomical feasibility in 50 – 80% of the patients. The “surgeon-modified” stent grafts refer to a technique, in which a commercially available stent graft is modified by the surgeon under sterile conditions directly before the implantation, in order to add the required fenestrations, scallops and/or branches. The modification takes approximately 60 – 120 min and haemodynamic stability of the patient is mandatory. Because of the off-label use of the commercial stent graft, detailed patient consent about the modification complications and risks should be performed whenever possible. A comparison of results on mortality and morbidity between “off-the-shelf” and “surgeon-modified” stent grafts has been published, although a direct comparison would be unfair for several reasons (different design, lack of extensive outcomes reports, long learning curve and different modification techniques).

Conclusion The “surgeon-modified” and “off-the-shelf” fenestrated/branched stent grafts are used in the treatment of high-risk patients with symptomatic or contained ruptured complex aneurysms. The outcomes of the two techniques are good, although the long-term durability of the former should be further investigated.

Schlüsselwörter

Aortenaneurysma - juxtarenales Aortenaneurysma - thorakoabdominelles Aortenaneurysma - fenestrierte Stentprothese - gebranchte Stentprothese

Key words

juxtarenal aortic aneurysm - thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm - fenestrated stent graft - branched stent graft

Publication History

Article published online:
19 October 2021

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