Aktuelle Behandlungsstrategien der Ösophagusatresie

Zusammenfassung

Die Ösophagusatresie (ÖA) ist mit einer Inzidenz von 1 : 3000 bis 1 : 4000 Neugeborenen eine seltene, angeborene Erkrankung. Die Therapie beinhaltet obligatorisch die operative Korrektur. Behandlungskonzepte sind abhängig von der Variabilität der ösophagotrachealen Fistelmöglichkeiten, der variablen Distanz der Ösophagussegmente und der prognostischen Relevanz assoziierter Fehlbildungen. Die postoperativen Resultate werden entscheidend durch krankheitsspezifische Symptome und Komplikationen beeinflusst. Ein interdisziplinäres Betreuungskonzept von der pränatalen Diagnostik über die Geburt, die neonatalogische Intensivpflege und kinderchirurgische Versorgung mit hochspezialisierter Kinderanästhesie bietet in einem spezialisierten Kinderzentrum mit Logopädie, Gastroenterologie und Pulmologie die besten Voraussetzungen für eine optimale Lebensqualität. Systematische Nachsorge- und Transitionsprogramme sind für betroffene Kinder essenziell.

Abstract

Oesophageal atresia is a rare congenital malformation occurring in 1 : 3000/1 : 4000 neonates. Surgical correction is always required. Perioperative management concepts depend on the type of malformation. Postoperative results are closely related to postsurgical complications. Interdisciplinary management should extend from prenatal diagnosis, birth and perinatal care to neonatal intensive care and paediatric surgical therapy with specialised pediatric anaesthesia. Other areas that should be available are logopedia, paediatric gastroenterology and paediatric pulmonology. Long-term care should include systematic aftercare and transition programs to adult medicine.

Schlüsselwörter

Ösophagusatresie - ösophagotracheale Fistel - VACTERL-Assoziation - chirurgische Behandlung - Komplikationen - Nachsorge

Keywords

Esophageal atresia - esophageal fistula - VACTERL-syndrome - surgical management - complications

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