Hochverarbeitete Lebensmittel und ihre Bedeutung für die Genese ernährungsmitbedingter Erkrankungen

Zusammenfassung

Hochverarbeitete Lebensmittel sind Teil eines modernen Lebensstils und machen in Deutschland ca. 46 % der täglichen Energieaufnahme aus. Querschnitts- und Kohortenstudien belegen Assoziationen zwischen dem Verzehr hochverarbeiteter Lebensmittel und nichtübertragbaren Erkrankungen (Übergewicht, Diabetes, Krebs, Herz-Kreislauf-Erkrankungen sowie Depressionen). Als Ursache für diesen Zusammenhang werden neben einer hohen Energiedichte und einer veränderten Lebensmittelmatrix eine ernährungsphysiologisch unausgewogene Zusammensetzung, ein hoher glykämischer Index, sowie abträgliche Zusatzstoffe und Kontaminanten durch Verarbeitung und Verpackung diskutiert. Um die anteilige Bedeutung dieser potenziellen Mechanismen zu verstehen und eine wissenschaftlich begründete, risikoassoziierte Definition hochverarbeiteter Lebensmittel zu geben, sind sowohl Interventionsstudien als auch eine bessere Erfassung der Zusammensetzung der verzehrten verarbeiteten Lebensmittel in prospektiven Kohortenstudien nötig.

Abstract

Ultra-processed food is part of a modern lifestyle and accounts for about 46 % of daily energy intake in Germany. Cross-sectional and cohort studies indicate associations between consumption of ultra-processed food and a range of non-communicable diseases (obesity, diabetes, cancer, cardiovascular disease, and depression). As underlying mechanisms, a high energy density, altered food matrix, an unbalanced nutritional composition, high glycemic index, adverse additives, processing- and packaging contaminants are discussed. In order to understand the role of these potential mechanisms and to provide a scientifically based and risk-associated definition of ultra-processed food it is important to conduct appropriate intervention studies and to improve dietary assessment of processed food in prospective cohort studies.

Schlüsselwörter

Hochverarbeitete Lebensmittel - Lebensmittelklassifizierung - Übergewicht - ernährungsmitbedingte Erkrankungen

Keywords

ultra-processed food - food classification - overweight - diet-related diseases

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