PDF herunterladen
Angewandte Nuklearmedizin 2022; 45(03): 189-197
DOI: 10.1055/a-1715-5254
Technik
Übersicht

Instrumentierung in der präklinischen PET- und SPECT-Bildgebung

Preclinical PET and SPECT instrumentation
Alexandros Moraitis
1   Klinik für Nuklearmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Essen, Deutschland
,
Pedro Fragoso Costa
1   Klinik für Nuklearmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Essen, Deutschland
› Institutsangaben
› Weitere Informationen
Auch verfügbar auf
    Lizenzen und Reprints

Zusammenfassung

Translationale Forschung greift heute mehr denn je in die Praktiken moderner Medizin ein. Im Bereich der tierexperimentellen Forschung, die sich als Brücke zwischen biomedizinischer Grundlagenforschung und klinischer Forschung versteht, stellt die Kleintierbildgebung eines der wichtigsten Forschungsinstrumente dar. Unter den verwendeten bildgebenden Verfahren genießen die PET- und SPECT-Bildgebung das höchste Ansehen, da sie quantitative Informationen über metabolische Prozesse liefern, dynamische Aufnahmen erlauben und geeignet für Längsschnittstudien sind. Hierdurch entstehen vielfältige Perspektiven bei der Entwicklung von Tiermodellen für die Erforschung von Erkrankungen des Menschen; sei es zur Überwachung von Krankheitsverläufen, der Validierung theranostischer Ansätze oder der Erprobung neuer Radiopharmaka. Das stetig steigende Interesse an nicht invasiver Kleintierbildgebung fördert insbesondere auch die Entwicklung dedizierter Bildgebungssysteme. Allen Systemen zur präklinischen Bildgebung ist das Ziel gemein, die Auflösung und Sensitivität auf die Dimensionen der Tiere anzupassen. Dieser Übersichtsartikel bietet Einsicht in die konzeptionellen Grundlagen und technischen Eigenschaften präklinischer PET- und SPECT-Systeme, mit Fokus auf die eingesetzten Detektormaterialien und -technologien, sowie die Detektorkonfiguration. Darüber hinaus werden wichtige Aspekte der Qualitätskontrolle genannt.

Abstract

Translational research is now more than ever gaining relevance in the practices of modern medicine. In the field of animal experimental research, which serves as a bridge between basic biomedical research and clinical research, small animal imaging represents one of the most important research tools. Among the imaging modalities, PET and SPECT are assumed to be the most attractive for providing quantitative information on metabolic processes, allowing for dynamic imaging and being suitable for longitudinal studies. This opens up a variety of perspectives in the development of animal models for human diseases; either for monitoring disease progression, validating theranostic approaches or testing of new radiopharmaceuticals. The ever-increasing interest in non-invasive small animal imaging is also driving the development of dedicated imaging systems. Common to all preclinical imaging systems is the goal of matching resolution and sensitivity to animal dimensions. This review article provides insight into the conceptual basis and technical characteristics of preclinical PET and SPECT systems, with a focus on the detector materials and technologies used, as well as the detector configuration. In addition, important aspects of quality control are mentioned.

Schlüsselwörter

Translationale Forschung - Kleintierbildgebung - Gestaltung - Performance - Positronenemissionstomografie - Einzelphotonenemissionscomputertomografie

Keywords

Translational research - small animal imaging - design - performance - positron emission tomography - single-photon emission tomography


Publikationsverlauf

Artikel online veröffentlicht:
16. August 2022

© 2022. Thieme. All rights reserved.

Georg Thieme Verlag KG
Rüdigerstraße 14, 70469 Stuttgart, Germany

 

  • References

  • 1 Phelps ME. PET: the merging of biology and imaging into molecular imaging. Journal of Nuclear Medicine 2000; 41: 661-681
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 2 Dillenseger JP, Choquet P, Snay ER. et al. Why the preclinical imaging field needs nuclear medicine technologists and radiographers?. Eur J Hybrid Imaging 2020; 4: 12 DOI: 10.1186/s41824-020-00081-z.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 3 Kiessling F, Pichler BJ. Small animal imaging: basics and practical guide. Heidelberg: Springer Science & Business Media; 2010
    Google Scholar
  • 4 Kuntner C, Stout DB. Quantitative preclinical PET imaging: opportunities and challenges. Frontiers in physics 2014; 2: 12
    CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • 5 Amirrashedi M, Zaidi H, Ay MR. Advances in preclinical PET instrumentation. PET clinics 2020; 15: 403-426
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 6 Zhang H, Bao Q, Vu NT. et al. Performance evaluation of PETbox: a low cost bench top preclinical PET scanner. Molecular imaging and biology 2011; 13: 949-961
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 7 Gu Z, Taschereau R, Vu N. et al. NEMA NU-4 performance evaluation of PETbox4, a high sensitivity dedicated PET preclinical tomograph. Physics in Medicine & Biology 2013; 58: 3791
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 8 Gu Z, Taschereau R, Vu NT. et al. Performance evaluation of G8, a high-sensitivity benchtop preclinical PET/CT tomograph. Journal of Nuclear Medicine 2019; 60: 142-149
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 9 Surti S, Karp JS, Perkins AE. et al. Imaging performance of A-PET: a small animal PET camera. IEEE transactions on medical imaging 2005; 24: 844-852
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 10 Huisman MC, Reder S, Weber AW. et al. Performance evaluation of the Philips MOSAIC small animal PET scanner. European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging 2007; 34: 532-540
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 11 Levin CS, Zaidi H. Current trends in preclinical PET system design. PET clinics 2007; 2: 125-160
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 12 Yoshida E, Tashima H, Nishikido F. et al. Reduction method for intrinsic random coincidence events from 176 lu in low activity PET imaging. Radiological physics and technology 2014; 7: 235-245
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 13 Miyaoka RS, Lehnert AL. Small animal PET: a review of what we have done and where we are going. Physics in Medicine & Biology 2020; 65: 24TR04
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 14 Mohammadi A, Yoshida E, Nishikido F. et al. Development of a dual-ended readout detector with segmented crystal bars made using a subsurface laser engraving technique. Physics in Medicine & Biology 2018; 63: 025019
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 15 Nitta M, Inadama N, Nishikido F. et al. Development of the X’tal cube PET detector with segments of (0.77 mm) 3. IEEE Transactions on Radiation and Plasma Medical Sciences 2018; 2: 564-573
    CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • 16 Lewellen TK. Recent developments in PET detector technology. Physics in Medicine & Biology 2008; 53: R287
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 17 Berg E, Zhang X, Bec J. et al. Development and evaluation of mini-EXPLORER: a long axial field-of-view PET scanner for nonhuman primate imaging. Journal of Nuclear Medicine 2018; 59: 993-998
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 18 Vaquero JJ, Kinahan P. Positron emission tomography: current challenges and opportunities for technological advances in clinical and preclinical imaging systems. Annual review of biomedical engineering 2015; 17: 385-414
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 19 Meikle SR, Kench P, Kassiou M. et al. Small animal SPECT and its place in the matrix of molecular imaging technologies. Physics in Medicine & Biology 2005; 50: R45
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 20 Franc BL, Acton PD, Mari C. et al. Small-animal SPECT and SPECT/CT: important tools for preclinical investigation. Journal of nuclear medicine 2008; 49: 1651-1663
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 21 Beekman FJ, van der Have F, Vastenhouw B. et al. U-SPECT-I: a novel system for submillimeter-resolution tomography with radiolabeled molecules in mice. Journal of Nuclear Medicine 2005; 46: 1194-1200
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 22 Van Der Have F, Vastenhouw B, Ramakers RM. et al. U-SPECT-II: an ultra-high-resolution device for molecular small-animal imaging. Journal of Nuclear Medicine 2009; 50: 599-605
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 23 Dalm SU, Bakker IL, de Blois E. et al. 68Ga/177Lu-NeoBOMB1, a novel radiolabeled GRPR antagonist for theranostic use in oncology. Journal of Nuclear Medicine 2017; 58: 293-299
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 24 Jaszczak R, Li J, Wang H. et al. Pinhole collimation for ultra-high-resolution, small-field-of-view SPECT. Physics in Medicine & Biology 1994; 39: 425
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 25 Weber DA, Ivanovic M. Ultra-high-resolution imaging of small animals: implications for preclinical and research studies. Journal of Nuclear Cardiology 1999; 6: 332
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 26 Kupinski MA, Barrett HH. Small-animal SPECT imaging. Springer 2005
    Google Scholar
  • 27 Furenlid LR, Wilson DW, Chen Y-c. et al. FastSPECT II: a second-generation high-resolution dynamic SPECT imager. IEEE transactions on nuclear science 2004; 51: 631-635
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 28 Peterson TE, Shokouhi S. Advances in preclinical SPECT instrumentation. J Nucl Med 2012; 53: 841-844 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.111.099853.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 29 Van Audenhaege K, Van Holen R, Vandenberghe S. et al. Review of SPECT collimator selection, optimization, and fabrication for clinical and preclinical imaging. Medical physics 2015; 42: 4796-4813
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 30 Osborne DR, Kuntner C, Berr S. et al. Guidance for efficient small animal imaging quality control. Molecular imaging and biology 2017; 19: 485-498
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 31 Vanhove C, Bankstahl JP, Krämer SD. et al. Accurate molecular imaging of small animals taking into account animal models, handling, anaesthesia, quality control and imaging system performance. EJNMMI physics 2015; 2: 1-25
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 32 Conti M, Eriksson L. Physics of pure and non-pure positron emitters for PET: a review and a discussion. EJNMMI physics 2016; 3: 1-17
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 33 Schaart DR. Physics and technology of time-of-flight PET detectors. Physics in Medicine & Biology 2021; DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/abee56.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 34 Jiang W, Chalich Y, Deen MJ. Sensors for positron emission tomography applications. Sensors 2019; 19: 5019
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 35 Krishnamoorthy S, Blankemeyer E, Mollet P. et al. Performance evaluation of the MOLECUBES β-CUBE—a high spatial resolution and high sensitivity small animal PET scanner utilizing monolithic LYSO scintillation detectors. Physics in Medicine & Biology 2018; 63: 155013
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 36 Teuho J, Han C, Riehakainen L. et al. NEMA NU 4-2008 and in vivo imaging performance of RAYCAN trans-PET/CT X5 small animal imaging system. Physics in Medicine & Biology 2019; 64: 115014
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 37 González AJ, Aguilar A, Conde P. et al. Next generation of the Albira small animal PET based on high density SiPM arrays. In: 2015 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference (NSS/MIC). IEEE 2015; DOI: 10.1109/NSSMIC.2015.7582085.
    CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • 38 Belcari N, Camarlinghi N, Ferretti S. et al. NEMA NU-4 performance evaluation of the IRIS PET/CT preclinical scanner. IEEE Transactions on Radiation and Plasma Medical Sciences 2017; 1: 301-309
    CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • 39 Amirrashedi M, Sarkar S, Ghafarian P. et al. NEMA NU‐4 2008 performance evaluation of Xtrim‐PET: A prototype SiPM‐based preclinical scanner. Medical Physics 2019; 46: 4816-4825
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 40 Yagi Y, Kawashima H, Arimitsu K. et al. Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomographic Imaging in Live Animals. In: Handbook of In Vivo Chemistry in Mice: From Lab to Living System 2020: 151-183 https://doi.org/10.1002/9783527344406.ch6
    CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • 41 Sánchez F, Orero A, Soriano A. et al. ALBIRA: a small animal PET/SPECT/CT imaging system. Medical physics 2013; 40: 051906
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar