Subscribe to RSS
DOI: 10.1055/a-1771-7087
S3-Leitlinie Diagnostik und Therapie der Plattenepithelkarzinome und Adenokarzinome des Ösophagus
Version 3.1 – Juni 2022 – AWMF-Registernummer: 021/023OLWesentliche Neuerungen durch die Aktualisierung der Leitlinie (Version 3)
3.1 (Juni 2022) – Ergänzung von neuen Erkenntnissen zur Immuntherapie
-
Siehe Kapitel 8.4
-
siehe Kapitel 9
#
3.0 (Oktober 2021)
In Rahmen der Aktualisierung wurden die Empfehlungen im Kapitel 6 („Primärdiagnostik und Staging inklusive Pathologie“), Kapitel 8 („Kurativ intendierte Therapie“) und im Kapitel 9 („Palliativtherapie“) auf Aktualität geprüft. Hierzu erfolgte eine systematische Recherche für priorisierte Themen sowie eine Befragung der beteiligten Fachexperten. Im Rahmen des Aktualisierungsprozesses wurden die unten aufgeführten Empfehlungen überarbeitet bzw. neu formuliert.
Neues Statement 6.7 Kapitel 6.3
Modifizierte Empfehlung 8.10 Kapitel 8.3
Neue Empfehlung 8.12 Kapitel 8.3
Modifizierte Empfehlung 8.13 Kapitel 8.3
Modifizierte Empfehlung 8.18 Kapitel 8.3
Modifizierte Empfehlung 8.25 Kapitel 8.4
Modifizierte Empfehlung 8.28 Kapitel 8.4
Neue Empfehlung 8.29 Kapitel 8.4
Modifizierte Empfehlung 8.35 Kapitel 8.4
Modifizierte Empfehlung 8.38 Kapitel 8.4
Neue Empfehlung 9.1 Kapitel 9.1
Modifizierte Empfehlung 9.4 Kapitel 9.1
Modifizierte Empfehlung 9.5 Kapitel 9.4
Neue Empfehlung 9.11 Kapitel 9.7
Eine detaillierte Übersicht der Änderungen befindet sich Kapitel 13.1.
#
Publication History
Article published online:
07 June 2023
© 2023. Thieme. All rights reserved.
Georg Thieme Verlag KG
Rüdigerstraße 14, 70469 Stuttgart, Germany
-
Literatur
- 1 Wittekind C. TNM Klassifikation maligner Tumoren. 2020 8 Auflage.
- 2 Kreienberg R. et al. Interdisziplinäre S3-Leitlinie für die Diagnostik, Therapie und Nachsorge des Mammakarzinoms AWMF-Register-Nummer: 032–045OL 2012.
- 3 Vigen C, Bernstein L, Wu AH. Occupational physical activity and risk of adenocarcinomas of the esophagus and stomach. Int J Cancer 2006; 118: 1004-1009 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16152595
- 4 Chung CS, Lo WC, Lee YC. et al. Image-enhanced endoscopy for detection of second primary neoplasm in patients with esophageal and head and neck cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Head Neck 2016; 38 (Suppl. 01) E2343-E2349 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26595056/
- 5 Hori K, Okada H, Kawahara Y. et al. Lugol-voiding lesions are an important risk factor for a second primary squamous cell carcinoma in patients with esosphageal cancer or head and neck cancer. Am J Gastroenterol 2011; 106: 858-866 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21468010/
- 6 Qumseya BJ, Wang H, Badie N. et al. Advanced imaging technologies increase detection of dysplasia and neoplasia in patients with Barrettʼs esophagus: a meta-analysis and systematic review. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2013; 11: 1562-1570.e1–2 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23851020/
- 7 Curvers WL, Alvarez HerreroL, Wallace MB. et al. Endoscopic tri-modal imaging is more effective than standard endoscopy in identifying early-stage neoplasia in Barrettʼs esophagus. Gastroenterology 2010; 139: 1106-1114 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20600033/
- 8 Qumseya BJ, Wang H, Badie N. et al. Advanced imaging technologies increase detection of dysplasia and neoplasia in patients with Barrettʼs esophagus: a meta-analysis and systematic review. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2013; 11: 1562-1570.e1–2 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23851020/
- 9 Sharma P, Hawes RH, Bansal A. et al. Standard endoscopy with random biopsies versus narrow band imaging targeted biopsies in Barrettʼs oesophagus: a prospective, international, randomised controlled trial. Gut 2013; 62: 15-21 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22315471/
- 10 Canto MI, Anandasabapathy S, Brugge W. et al. In vivo endomicroscopy improves detection of Barrettʼs esophagus-related neoplasia: a multicenter international randomized controlled trial (with video). Gastrointest Endosc 2014; 79: 211-221 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24219822/
- 11 Fugazza A, Gaiani F, Carra MC. et al. Confocal Laser Endomicroscopy in Gastrointestinal and Pancreatobiliary Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Biomed Res Int 2016; 2016: 4638683 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26989684/
- 12 Gupta A, Attar BM, Koduru P. et al. Utility of confocal laser endomicroscopy in identifying high-grade dysplasia and adenocarcinoma in Barrettʼs esophagus: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2014; 26: 369-377 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24535597/
- 13 Coletta M, Sami SS, Nachiappan A. et al. Acetic acid chromoendoscopy for the diagnosis of early neoplasia and specialized intestinal metaplasia in Barrettʼs esophagus: a meta-analysis. Gastrointest Endosc 2016; 83: 57-67.e1 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26371851/
- 14 Uedo N, Fujishiro M, Goda K. et al. Role of narrow band imaging for diagnosis of early-stage esophagogastric cancer: current consensus of experienced endoscopists in Asia-Pacific region. Dig Endosc 2011; 23 (Suppl. 01) 58-71 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21535204/
- 15 Curvers WL, ten Kate FJ, Krishnadath KK. et al. Low-grade dysplasia in Barrettʼs esophagus: overdiagnosed and underestimated. Am J Gastroenterol 2010; 105: 1523-1530 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20461069/
- 16 Russell I, Edwards R, Gliddon A. et al. Cancer of oesophagus or gastricus: New assessment of technology of endosonography (COGNATE): Report of pragmatic randomised trial. Health technology assessment 2013; 17: 1-13 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24034150/
- 17 Luo LN, He LJ, Gao XY. et al. Endoscopic Ultrasound for Preoperative Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: a Meta-Analysis. PLoS One 2016; 11: e0158373 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27387830/
- 18 Thosani N, Singh H, Kapadia A. et al. Diagnostic accuracy of EUS in differentiating mucosal versus submucosal invasion of superficial esophageal cancers: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Gastrointest.Endosc 2012; 75: 242-253 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22115605/
- 19 Puli SR, Reddy JB, Bechtold ML. et al. Staging accuracy of esophageal cancer by endoscopic ultrasound: a meta-analysis and systematic review. World J Gastroenterol 2008; 14: 1479-1490 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18330935/
- 20 van Vliet EP, Heijenbrok-Kal MH, Hunink MG. et al. Staging investigations for oesophageal cancer: a meta-analysis. Br.J Cancer 2008; 98: 547-557 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18212745/
- 21 Tranchemontagne J. Stadification initiale du cancer de lʼoesophage: revue systematique sur la performance des methodes diagnostiques Initial staging of oesophageal cancer: systematic review of the performance of diagnostic methods. Agence dʼevaluation des technologies et des modes dʼintervention en sante (AETMIS). ETMIS 5(6). Montreal 2009.
- 22 de Gouw D, Klarenbeek BR, Driessen M. et al. Detecting Pathological Complete Response in Esophageal Cancer after Neoadjuvant Therapy Based on Imaging Techniques: A Diagnostic Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Thorac Oncol 2019; 14: 1156-1171 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30999111
- 23 Eyck BM, Onstenk BD, Noordman BJ. et al. Accuracy of Detecting Residual Disease After Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy for Esophageal Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Ann Surg 2020; 271: 245-256 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31188203
- 24 Noordman BJ, Spaander MCW, Valkema R. et al. Detection of residual disease after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for oesophageal cancer (preSANO): a prospective multicentre, diagnostic cohort study. Lancet Oncol 2018; 19: 965-974 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29861116
- 25 Makarawo TP, Negussie E, Malde S. et al. Water as a contrast medium: a re-evaluation using the multidetector-row computed tomography. Am Surg 2013; 79: 728-733 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23816008/
- 26 Kamel IR, Fishman EK. Recent advances in CT imaging of liver metastases. Cancer J 2004; 10: 104-120 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15130270/
- 27 Network SIG. Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network Management of oesophageal and gastric cancer A national clinical guideline. 2006 http://www.sign.ac.uk/pdf/sign87.pdf
- 28 Gollub MJ, Lefkowitz R, Moskowitz CS. et al. Pelvic CT in patients with esophageal cancer. Am J Roentgenol 2005; 184: 487-490 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15671368/
- 29 Ba-Ssalamah A, Matzek W, Baroud S. et al. Accuracy of hydro-multidetector row CT in the local T staging of oesophageal cancer compared to postoperative histopathological results. Eur Radiol 2011; 21: 2326-235 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21710266/
- 30 Choi J, Kim SG, Kim JS. et al. Comparison of endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS), positron emission tomography (PET), and computed tomography (CT) in the preoperative locoregional staging of resectable esophageal cancer. Surg Endosc 2010; 24: 1380-1386 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20033712/
- 31 Lowe VJ, Booya F, Fletcher JG. et al. Comparison of positron emission tomography, computed tomography, and endoscopic ultrasound in the initial staging of patients with esophageal cancer. Mol Imaging Biol 2005; 7: 422-430 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16270235/
- 32 Takizawa K, Matsuda T, Kozu T. et al. Lymph node staging in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: a comparative study of endoscopic ultrasonography versus computed tomography. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2009; 24: 1687-1691 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19788609/
- 33 Medical Services Advisory Committee 2. Positron emission tomography for oesophageal and gastric cancer: assessment report/prepared by the Medical Services Advisory Committee with the assistance of Silke Walleser et al Australia. 2008
- 34 1591-223X D2I. Servizio Santario Regionale ER Dossier 209-2011 ISSN 1591-223X. 2011
- 35 Choi JY, Lee KH, Shim YM. et al. Improved detection of individual nodal involvement in squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus by FDG PET. J Nucl Med 2000; 41: 808-815 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10809196/
- 36 Flamen P, Lerut A, Van Cutsem E. et al. Utility of positron emission tomography for the staging of patients with potentially operable esophageal carcinoma. J Clin Oncol 2000; 18: 3202-3210 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10986052/
- 37 Downey RJ, Akhurst T, Ilson D. et al. Whole body 18FDG-PET and the response of esophageal cancer to induction therapy: results of a prospective trial. J Clin Oncol 2003; 21: 428-432 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12560430/
- 38 Heeren PA, Jager PL, Bongaerts F. et al. Detection of distant metastases in esophageal cancer with (18)F-FDG PET. J Nucl Med 2004; 45: 980-987 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15181133/
- 39 Noble F, Bailey D, Tung K. et al. Impact of integrated PET/CT in the staging of oesophageal cancer: a UK population-based cohort study. Clin Radiol 2009; 64: 699-705 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19520214/
- 40 Kato H, Nakajima M. The efficacy of FDG-PET for the management of esophageal cancer: review article. Ann Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2012; 18: 412-419 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22785452/
- 41 Hsu WH, Hsu PK, Wang SJ. et al. Positron emission tomography-computed tomography in predicting locoregional invasion in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Ann Thorac Surg 2009; 87: 1564-1568 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19379906/
- 42 Barber TW, Duong CP, Leong T. et al. 18F-FDG PET/CT has a high impact on patient management and provides powerful prognostic stratification in the primary staging of esophageal cancer: a prospective study with mature survival data. J Nucl Med 2012; 53: 864-871 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22582047/
- 43 Cervino AR, Evangelista L, Alfieri R. et al. Positron emission tomography/computed tomography and esophageal cancer in the clinical practice: How does it affect the prognosis?. J Cancer Res Ther 2012; 8: 619-625 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23361284/
- 44 Varghese TK, Hofstetter WL, Rizk NP. et al. The society of thoracic surgeons guidelines on the diagnosis and staging of patients with esophageal cancer. Ann Thorac Surg 2013; 96: 346-356 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23752201/
- 45 Findlay JM, Bradley KM, Maile EJ. et al. Pragmatic staging of oesophageal cancer using decision theory involving selective endoscopic ultrasonography, PET and laparoscopy. Br J Surg 2015; 102: 1488-1499 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26458070/
- 46 Allum WH, Blazeby JM, Griffin SM. et al. Guidelines for the management of oesophageal and gastric cancer. Gut 2011; 60: 1449-1472 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21705456/
- 47 Hu J, Zhu D, Yang Y. Diagnostic value of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron-emission tomography/computed tomography for preoperative lymph node metastasis of esophageal cancer: A meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97: e13722 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30558091
- 48 Jiang C, Chen Y, Zhu Y. et al. Systematic review and meta-analysis of the accuracy of 18F-FDG PET/CT for detection of regional lymph node metastasis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. J Thorac Dis 2018; 10: 6066-6076 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30622778
- 49 Lerut TSS, Vlayen JBT. Clinical Practice Guidelines Upper Gastrointestinal Cancer – update. 2012 https://kce.fgov.be/publication/report/update-of-the-national-guideline-on-upper-gastrointestinal-cancer
- 50 Osugi H, Nishimura Y, Takemura M. et al. Bronchoscopic ultrasonography for staging supracarinal esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: impact on outcome. World J Surg 2003; 27: 590-594 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12715229/
- 51 Wakamatsu T, Tsushima K, Yasuo M. et al. Usefulness of preoperative endobronchial ultrasound for airway invasion around the trachea: esophageal cancer and thyroid cancer. Respiration 2006; 73: 651-657 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16675895/
- 52 Omloo JM, van Heijl M, Bergman JJ. et al. Value of bronchoscopy after EUS in the preoperative assessment of patients with esophageal cancer at or above the carina. J Gastrointest Surg 2008; 12: 1874-1879 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18528732/
- 53 Riedel M, Hauck RW, Stein HJ. et al. Preoperative bronchoscopic assessment of airway invasion by esophageal cancer: a prospective study. Chest 1998; 113: 687-695 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9515844/
- 54 Baisi A, Bonavina L, Peracchia A. Bronchoscopic staging of squamous cell carcinoma of the upper thoracic esophagus. Arch Surg 1999; 134: 140-143 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10025451/
- 55 Qumseya BJ, Bartel MJ, Gendy S. et al. High rate of over-staging of Barrettʼs neoplasia with endoscopic ultrasound: Systemic review and meta-analysis. Dig Liver Dis 2018; 50: 438-445 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29573963
- 56 Heger U, Blank S, Wiecha C. et al. Is preoperative chemotherapy followed by surgery the appropriate treatment for signet ring cell containing adenocarcinomas of the esophagogastric junction and stomach?. Ann Surg Oncol 2014; 21: 1739-1748 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24419755/
- 57 Blank S, Lordick F, Dobritz M. et al. A reliable risk score for stage IV esophagogastric cancer. Eur J Surg Oncol 2013; 39: 823-830 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23375470/
- 58 Blank S, Stange A, Sisic L. et al. Preoperative therapy of esophagogastric cancer: the problem of nonresponding patients. Langenbecks Arch Surg 2013; 398: 211-220 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23224565/
- 59 Blank S, Blaker H, Schaible A. et al. Impact of pretherapeutic routine clinical staging for the individualization of treatment in gastric cancer patients. Langenbecks Arch Surg 2012; 397: 45-55 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21598045/
- 60 Davies AR, Gossage JA, Zylstra J. et al. Tumor stage after neoadjuvant chemotherapy determines survival after surgery for adenocarcinoma of the esophagus and esophagogastric junction. J Clin Oncol 2014; 32: 2983-2990 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25071104/
- 61 Wittekind C. TNM Klassifikation maligner Tumoren. 8 Aufl.. 2020
- 62 Fritz A, Percy C, Jack A. et al. International Classification of Diseases for oncology (ICD-O), 3rd ed Geneva: WHO. WHO. 2000 https://www.who.int/standards/classifications/other-classifications/international-classification-of-diseases-for-oncology
- 63 Wittekind C, Asamura H, Sobin LH. TNM Atlas. Illustrated guide to the TNM Classification of Malignant Tumours. 6th edition. Oxford: Wiley Blackwell; 2014
- 64 Becker K, Mueller JD, Schulmacher C. et al. Histomorphology and grading of regression in gastric carcinoma treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Cancer 2003; 98: 1521-1530 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14508841/
- 65 Langer R, Ott K, Feith M. et al. Prognostic significance of histopathological tumor regression after neoadjuvant chemotherapy in esophageal adenocarcinomas. Mod Pathol 2009; 22: 1555-1563 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19801967/
- 66 Becker K, Langer R, Reim D. et al. Significance of histopathological tumor regression after neoadjuvant chemotherapy in gastric adenocarcinomas: a summary of 480 cases. Ann Surg 2011; 253: 934-939 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21490451/
- 67 Langer R, Becker K, Zlobec I. et al. A multifactorial histopathologic score for the prediction of prognosis of resected esophageal adenocarcinomas after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Ann Surg Oncol 2014; 21: 915-921 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24281419/
- 68 Leitlinienprogramm Onkologie der AWMF DKeVuDK. S3-Leitlinie Diagnostik und Therapie der Adenokarzinome des Magens und ösophagogastralen Übergangs. Langversion 2.0, AWMF-Registernummer: 032/009OL. 2019 https://www.leitlinienprogramm-onkologie.de/leitlinien/magenkarzinom/
- 69 Weimann A, Breitenstein S, Breuer JP. et al. Clinical nutrition in surgery Guidelines of the German Society for Nutritional Medicine. Chirurg 2014; 85: 320-326 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24718444/
- 70 Mabvuure NT, Roman A, Khan OA. Enteral immunonutrition versus standard enteral nutrition for patients undergoing oesophagogastric resection for cancer. Int J Surg 2013; 11: 122-127 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23274278/
- 71 Osland E, Hossain MB, Khan S. et al. Effect of timing of pharmaconutrition (immunonutrition) administration on outcomes of elective surgery for gastrointestinal malignancies: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2014; 38: 53-69 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23411423/
- 72 Jie B, Jiang ZM, Nolan MT. et al. Impact of preoperative nutritional support on clinical outcome in abdominal surgical patients at nutritional risk. Nutrition 2012; 28: 1022-1027 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22673593/
- 73 Hill GL. Impact of nutritional support on the clinical outcome of the surgical patient. Clin Nutr 1994; 13: 331-340 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16843410/
- 74 Burden S, Todd C, Hill J. et al. Pre-operative nutrition support in patients undergoing gastrointestinal surgery. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2012; 11: Cd008879 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23152265/
- 75 Bozzetti F, Gavazzi C, Miceli R. et al. Perioperative total parenteral nutrition in malnourished, gastrointestinal cancer patients: a randomized, clinical trial. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2000; 24: 7-14 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10638466/
- 76 Malthaner RA, Wong RK, Rumble RB. et al. Neoadjuvant or adjuvant therapy for resectable esophageal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC.Med 2004; 2: 35 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15447788/
- 77 Arnott SJ, Duncan W, Gignoux M. et al. Preoperative radiotherapy for esophageal carcinoma. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2005; Cd001799 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16235286/
- 78 Schwer AL, Ballonoff A, McCammon R. et al. Survival effect of neoadjuvant radiotherapy before esophagectomy for patients with esophageal cancer: a surveillance, epidemiology, and end-results study. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2009; 73: 449-455 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18538500/
- 79 Moehler M, Al-Batran SE, Andus T. et al. S3-Leitlinie „Magenkarzinom“ -. Z Gastroenterol 2011; 49: 461-531
- 80 Ychou M, Boige V, Pignon JP. et al. Perioperative chemotherapy compared with surgery alone for resectable gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma: an FNCLCC and FFCD multicenter phase III trial. J Clin.Oncol 2011; 29: 1715-1721 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21444866/
- 81 Cunningham D, Allum WH, Stenning SP. et al. Perioperative chemotherapy versus surgery alone for resectable gastroesophageal cancer. N.Engl.J Med 2006; 355: 11-20 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16822992/
- 82 Kelsen DP, Ginsberg R, Pajak TF. et al. Chemotherapy followed by surgery compared with surgery alone for localized esophageal cancer. N.Engl.J Med 1998; 339: 1979-1984 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9869669/
- 83 Boonstra JJ, Kok TC, Wijnhoven BP. et al. Chemotherapy followed by surgery versus surgery alone in patients with resectable oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma: long-term results of a randomized controlled trial. BMC.Cancer 2011; 11: 181 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21595951/
- 84 Allum WH, Stenning SP, Bancewicz J. et al. Long-term results of a randomized trial of surgery with or without preoperative chemotherapy in esophageal cancer. J Clin.Oncol 2009; 27: 5062-5067 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19770374/
- 85 Medical Research Council Oesophageal Cancer Working Group. Surgical resection with or without preoperative chemotherapy in oesophageal cancer: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2002; 359: 1727-1733
- 86 Law S, Fok M, Chow S. et al. Preoperative chemotherapy versus surgical therapy alone for squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus: a prospective randomized trial. J Thorac.Cardiovasc.Surg 1997; 114: 210-217 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9270638/
- 87 Al-Batran S, Homann N, Pauligk C. et al. Perioperative chemotherapy with fluorouracil plus leucovorin, oxaliplatin, and docetaxel versus fluorouracil or capecitabine plus cisplatin and epirubicin for locally advanced, resectable gastric or gastro-oesophageal junction adenocarcinoma (FLOT4): a randomised, phase 2/3 trial. Lancet 2019; 393: 1948-1957 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30982686/
- 88 Cunningham D, Allum W, Weeden S. Perioperative chemotherapy in operable gastric and lower oesophageal cancer: a randomised, controlled trial of the UK NCRI Upper GI Clinical Studies Group (the MAGIC trial, ISRCTN 93793971) [abstract]. European.journal of cancer 2003; 1: S18
- 89 Clark PI. Medical Research Council (MRC) randomised phase III trial of surgery with or without pre-operative chemotherapy in resectable cancer of the oesophagus. British.journal of cancer 2000; 83: 1 http://www.nature.com/bjc/journal/v83 / n1/pdf/6691309a.pdf
- 90 Moehler M, Baltin CT, Ebert M. et al. International comparison of the German evidence-based S3-guidelines on the diagnosis and multimodal treatment of early and locally advanced gastric cancer, including adenocarcinoma of the lower esophagus. Gastric Cancer 2015; 18: 550-563 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25192931
- 91 Cai Z, Yin Y, Zhao Z. et al. Comparative Effectiveness of Neoadjuvant Treatments for Resectable Gastroesophageal Cancer: A Network Meta-Analysis. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9: 872 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30127746
- 92 Sjoquist KM, Burmeister BH, Smithers BM. et al. Survival after neoadjuvant chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy for resectable oesophageal carcinoma: an updated meta-analysis. Lancet Oncol 2011; 12: 681-692 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21684205/
- 93 Fiorica F, Di Bona D, Schepis F. et al. Preoperative chemoradiotherapy for oesophageal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Gut 2004; 53: 925-930 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15194636/
- 94 Lee JL, Park SI, Kim SB. et al. A single institutional phase III trial of preoperative chemotherapy with hyperfractionation radiotherapy plus surgery versus surgery alone for resectable esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Ann.Oncol 2004; 15: 947-954 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15151953/
- 95 Bosset JF, Gignoux M, Triboulet JP. et al. Chemoradiotherapy followed by surgery compared with surgery alone in squamous-cell cancer of the esophagus. N.Engl.J Med 1997; 337: 161-167 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9219702/
- 96 Tepper J, Krasna MJ, Niedzwiecki D. et al. Phase III trial of trimodality therapy with cisplatin, fluorouracil, radiotherapy, and surgery compared with surgery alone for esophageal cancer: CALGB 9781. J Clin Oncol 2008; 26: 1086-1092 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18309943/
- 97 Montagnani F, Fornaro L, Frumento P. et al. Multimodality treatment of locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the oesophagus: A comprehensive review and network meta-analysis. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2017; 114: 24-32 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28477744
- 98 Burmeister BH, Smithers BM, Gebski V. et al. Surgery alone versus chemoradiotherapy followed by surgery for resectable cancer of the oesophagus: a randomised controlled phase III trial. Lancet Oncol 2005; 6: 659-668 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16129366
- 99 Nagaraja V, Cox MR, Eslick GD. Safety and efficacy of esophageal stents preceding or during neoadjuvant chemotherapy for esophageal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Gastrointest Oncol 2014; 5: 119-126 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24772340/
- 100 Mariette C, Gronnier C, Duhamel A. et al. Self-expanding covered metallic stent as a bridge to surgery in esophageal cancer: impact on oncologic outcomes. J Am Coll Surg 2015; 220: 287-296 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25617915/
- 101 Ahmed O, Bolger JC, OʼNeill B. et al. Use of esophageal stents to relieve dysphagia during neoadjuvant therapy prior to esophageal resection: a systematic review. Dis Esophagus 2020; 33: doz090 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31828290
- 102 Helminen O, Kauppila JH, Kyto V. et al. Preoperative esophageal stenting and short-term outcomes of surgery for esophageal cancer in a population-based study from Finland and Sweden. Dis Esophagus 2019; 32: doz005 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30855081
- 103 Reijm AN, Didden P, Schelling SJC. et al. Self-expandable metal stent placement for malignant esophageal strictures – changes in clinical outcomes over time. Endoscopy 2019; 51: 18-29 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29991071
- 104 Spaander MC, Baron TH, Siersema PD. et al. Esophageal stenting for benign and malignant disease: European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) Clinical Guideline. Endoscopy 2016; 48: 939-948 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27626318
- 105 Tham JE, Tharian B, Allen PB. et al. Oesophageal Stents for Potentially Curable Oesophageal Cancer – A Bridge to Surgery?. Ulster Med J 2019; 88: 10-14 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30675071
- 106 Herskovic A, Martz K, al-Sarraf M. et al. Combined chemotherapy and radiotherapy compared with radiotherapy alone in patients with cancer of the esophagus. N Engl J Med 1992; 326: 1593-1598 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1584260/
- 107 Chang DT, Chapman C, Shen J. et al. Treatment of esophageal cancer based on histology: a surveillance epidemiology and end results analysis. Am.J Clin.Oncol 2009; 32: 405-410 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19415029/
- 108 Karran A, Blake P, Chan D. et al. Propensity score analysis of oesophageal cancer treatment with surgery or definitive chemoradiotherapy. Br J Surg 2014; 101: 502-510 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24615406/
- 109 al-Sarraf M, Martz K, Herskovic A. et al. Progress report of combined chemoradiotherapy versus radiotherapy alone in patients with esophageal cancer: an intergroup study. J Clin Oncol 1997; 15: 277-284 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8996153/
- 110 Crehange G, Maingon P, Peignaux K. et al. Phase III trial of protracted compared with split-course chemoradiation for esophageal carcinoma: Federation Francophone de Cancerologie Digestive 9102. J Clin Oncol 2007; 25: 4895-4901 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17971585/
- 111 Kawaguchi Y, Nishiyama K, Miyagi K. et al. Patterns of failure associated with involved field radiotherapy in patients with clinical stage I thoracic esophageal cancer. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2011; 41: 1007-1012 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21665908/
- 112 Wong R, Malthaner R. Combined chemotherapy and radiotherapy (without surgery) compared with radiotherapy alone in localized carcinoma of the esophagus. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2006; Cd002092 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16437440/
- 113 Yamada K, Murakami M, Okamoto Y. et al. Treatment results of chemoradiotherapy for clinical stage I (T1N0M0) esophageal carcinoma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2006; 64: 1106-1111 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16504758/
- 114 Kato H, Sato A, Fukuda H. et al. A phase II trial of chemoradiotherapy for stage I esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: Japan Clinical Oncology Group Study (JCOG9708). Jpn J Clin Oncol 2009; 39: 638-643 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19549720/
- 115 Kuwano H, Nishimura Y, Ohtsu A. et al. Guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of carcinoma of the esophagus. Esophagus 2008; 5: 117-132 DOI: 10.1007/s10388-008-0158-8.
- 116 Pottgen C, Stuschke M. Radiotherapy versus surgery within multimodality protocols for esophageal cancer--a meta-analysis of the randomized trials. Cancer Treat.Rev 2012; 38: 599-604 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22116018/
- 117 Kranzfelder M, Schuster T, Geinitz H. et al. Meta-analysis of neoadjuvant treatment modalities and definitive non-surgical therapy for oesophageal squamous cell cancer. Br J Surg 2011; 98: 768-783 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21462364/
- 118 Gao X. Treatment guideline of radiotherapy for Chinese esophageal carcinoma (draft). Chin J Cancer 2010; 29: 855-859 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20868554/
- 119 Bedenne L, Michel P, Bouche O. et al. Chemoradiation followed by surgery compared with chemoradiation alone in squamous cancer of the esophagus: FFCD 9102. J Clin Oncol 2007; 25: 1160-1168 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17401004/
- 120 Minsky BD, Pajak TF, Ginsberg RJ. et al. INT 0123 (Radiation Therapy Oncology Group 94-05) phase III trial of combined-modality therapy for esophageal cancer: high-dose versus standard-dose radiation therapy. J Clin Oncol 2002; 20: 1167-1174 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11870157/
- 121 Ajani JA, Barthel JS, Bentrem DJ. et al. Esophageal and esophagogastric junction cancers. J Natl.Compr.Canc.Netw 2011; 9: 830-887 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21900218/
- 122 Zheng B, Zheng W, Zhu Y. et al. Role of adjuvant chemoradiotherapy in treatment of resectable esophageal carcinoma: a meta-analysis. Chin Med J (Engl.) 2013; 126: 1178-1182 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23506601/
- 123 Thallinger CM, Kiesewetter B, Raderer M. et al. Pre- and postoperative treatment modalities for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Anticancer Res 2012; 32: 4609-4627 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23155224/
- 124 Lv J, Cao XF, Zhu B. et al. Long-term efficacy of perioperative chemoradiotherapy on esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. World J Gastroenterol 2010; 16: 1649-1654 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20355244/
- 125 Liu T, Liu W, Zhang H. et al. The role of postoperative radiotherapy for radically resected esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: a systemic review and meta-analysis. J Thorac Dis 2018; 10: 4403-4412 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30174889
- 126 Luo H, Cui YY, Zhang JG. et al. Meta-analysis of survival benefit with postoperative chemoradiotherapy in patients of lymph node positive esophageal carcinoma. Clin Transl Oncol 2018; 20: 889-898 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29143229
- 127 Kang J, Chang JY, Sun X. et al. Role of Postoperative Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy for Esophageal Carcinoma: A meta-analysis of 2165 Patients. J Cancer 2018; 9: 584-593 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29483964
- 128 Ohri N, Garg MK, Aparo S. et al. Who benefits from adjuvant radiation therapy for gastric cancer? A meta-analysis. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2013; 86: 330-335 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23523184/
- 129 Bamias A, Karina M, Papakostas P. et al. A randomized phase III study of adjuvant platinum/docetaxel chemotherapy with or without radiation therapy in patients with gastric cancer. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2010; 65: 1009-1021 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20130877/
- 130 Lee J, Lim do H, Kim S. et al. Phase III trial comparing capecitabine plus cisplatin versus capecitabine plus cisplatin with concurrent capecitabine radiotherapy in completely resected gastric cancer with D2 lymph node dissection: the ARTIST trial. J Clin Oncol 2012; 30: 268-273 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22184384/
- 131 Kelly R, Ajani J, Kuzdzal J. et al. Adjuvant Nivolumab in Resected Esophageal or Gastroesophageal Junction Cancer. N Engl J Med 2021; 384 (13) 1191-1203 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33789008/
- 132 Conroy T, Galais MP, Raoul JL. et al. Definitive chemoradiotherapy with FOLFOX versus fluorouracil and cisplatin in patients with oesophageal cancer (PRODIGE5 / ACCORD17): final results of a randomised, phase 2/3 trial. Lancet Oncol 2014; 15: 305-314 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24556041/
- 133 van Hagen P, Hulshof MC, van Lanschot JJ. et al. Preoperative chemoradiotherapy for esophageal or junctional cancer. N Engl J Med 2012; 366: 2074-2084 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22646630
- 134 Hulshof M, Geijsen E, Rozema T. et al. Randomized Study on Dose Escalation in Definitive Chemoradiation for Patients With Locally Advanced Esophageal Cancer (ARTDECO Study). J Clin Oncol 2021; 39 (25) 2816-2824 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34101496/
- 135 Adler K, Schlieper D, Kindgen-Milles D. et al. [Integration of palliative care into intensive care: Systematic review]. Anaesthesist 2017; 66 (09) 660-666 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28589374/
- 136 Tassinari D, Drudi F, Monterubbianesi M. et al. Early Palliative Care in Advanced Oncologic and Non-Oncologic Chronic Diseases: A Systematic Review of Literature. Rev Recent Clin Trials 2016; 11 (01) 63-71 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26464077/
- 137 Hui D, Meng Y, Bruera S. et al. Referral Criteria for Outpatient Palliative Cancer Care: A Systematic Review. Oncologist 2016; 21 (07) 895-901 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27185614/
- 138 Hui D, Kim Y, Park J. et al. Integration of oncology and palliative care: a systematic review. Oncologist 2015; 20 (01) 77-83 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25480826/
- 139 Gaertner J, Siemens W, Meerpohl J. et al. Effect of specialist palliative care services on quality of life in adults with advanced incurable illness in hospital, hospice, or community settings: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ 2017; 357: j2925 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28676557/
- 140 Davis M, Temel J, Balboni T. et al. A review of the trials which examine early integration of outpatient and home palliative care for patients with serious illnesses. Ann Palliat Med 2015; 4 (03) 99-121 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26231807/
- 141 Dalgaard K, Bergenholtz H, Nielsen M. et al. Early integration of palliative care in hospitals: A systematic review on methods, barriers, and outcome. Palliat Support Care 2014; 12 (06) 495-513 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24621947/
- 142 Haun M, Estel S, Rücker G. et al. Early palliative care for adults with advanced cancer. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2017; 6: CD011129 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28603881/
- 143 Leitlinienprogramm Onkologie der AWMF DKeVuDK. Erweiterte S3-Leitlinie Palliativmedizin für Patienten mit einer nicht-heilbaren Krebserkrankung. AWMF-Registernummer: 128/001OL, Langversion 2.2. 2020 https://www.leitlinienprogramm-onkologie.de/leitlinien/palliativmedizin/
- 144 Cunningham D, Starling N, Rao S. et al. Capecitabine and oxaliplatin for advanced esophagogastric cancer. N Engl J Med 2008; 358: 36-46 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18172173/
- 145 Webb A, Cunningham D, Scarffe JH. et al. Randomized trial comparing epirubicin, cisplatin, and fluorouracil versus fluorouracil, doxorubicin, and methotrexate in advanced esophagogastric cancer. J Clin Oncol 1997; 15: 261-267 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8996151/
- 146 Ross P, Nicolson M, Cunningham D. et al. Prospective randomized trial comparing mitomycin, cisplatin, and protracted venous-infusion fluorouracil (PVI 5-FU) With epirubicin, cisplatin, and PVI 5-FU in advanced esophagogastric cancer. J Clin Oncol 2002; 20: 1996-2004 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11956258/
- 147 Van Cutsem E, Moiseyenko VM, Tjulandin S. et al. Phase III study of docetaxel and cisplatin plus fluorouracil compared with cisplatin and fluorouracil as first-line therapy for advanced gastric cancer: a report of the V325 Study Group. J Clin Oncol 2006; 24: 4991-4997 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17075117/
- 148 Ajani JA, Rodriguez W, Bodoky G. et al. Multicenter phase III comparison of cisplatin/S-1 with cisplatin/infusional fluorouracil in advanced gastric or gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma study: the FLAGS trial. J Clin.Oncol 2010; 28: 1547-1553 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20159816/
- 149 Al-Batran SE, Hartmann JT, Probst S. et al. Phase III trial in metastatic gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma with fluorouracil, leucovorin plus either oxaliplatin or cisplatin: a study of the Arbeitsgemeinschaft Internistische Onkologie. J Clin.Oncol 2008; 26: 1435-1442 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18349393/
- 150 Kang YK, Kang WK, Shin DB. et al. Capecitabine/cisplatin versus 5-fluorouracil/cisplatin as first-line therapy in patients with advanced gastric cancer: a randomised phase III noninferiority trial. Ann Oncol 2009; 20: 666-673 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19153121/
- 151 Okines AF, Norman AR, McCloud P. et al. Meta-analysis of the REAL-2 and ML17032 trials: evaluating capecitabine-based combination chemotherapy and infused 5-fluorouracil-based combination chemotherapy for the treatment of advanced oesophago-gastric cancer. Ann.Oncol 2009; 20: 1529-1534 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19474114/
- 152 Sun J, Shen L, Shah M. et al. Pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy versus chemotherapy alone for first-line treatment of advanced oesophageal cancer (KEYNOTE-590): a randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 3 study. Lancet 2021; 398: 759-771 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34454674/
- 153 Janjigian Y, Shitara K, Moehler M. et al. First-line nivolumab plus chemotherapy versus chemotherapy alone for advanced gastric, gastro-oesophageal junction, and oesophageal adenocarcinoma (CheckMate 649): a randomised, open-label, phase 3 trial. Lancet 2021; 398: 27-40 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34102137/
- 154 Bang YJ, Van Cutsem E, Feyereislova A. et al. Trastuzumab in combination with chemotherapy versus chemotherapy alone for treatment of HER2-positive advanced gastric or gastro-oesophageal junction cancer (ToGA): a phase 3, open-label, randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2010; 376: 687-697 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20728210/
- 155 Shitara K, Doi T, Dvorkin M. et al. Trifluridine/tipiracil versus placebo in patients with heavily pretreated metastatic gastric cancer (TAGS): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol 2018; 19 (11) 1437-1448 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30355453/
- 156 Thuss-Patience PC, Kretzschmar A, Bichev D. et al. Survival advantage for irinotecan versus best supportive care as second-line chemotherapy in gastric cancer--a randomised phase III study of the Arbeitsgemeinschaft Internistische Onkologie (AIO). Eur J Cancer 2011; 47: 2306-2314 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21742485/
- 157 Hironaka S, Ueda S, Yasui H. et al. Randomized, open-label, phase III study comparing irinotecan with paclitaxel in patients with advanced gastric cancer without severe peritoneal metastasis after failure of prior combination chemotherapy using fluoropyrimidine plus platinum: WJOG 4007 trial. J Clin Oncol 2013; 31: 4438-4444 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24190112/
- 158 Ford HE, Marshall A, Bridgewater JA. et al. Docetaxel versus active symptom control for refractory oesophagogastric adenocarcinoma (COUGAR-02): an open-label, phase 3 randomised controlled trial. Lancet Oncol 2014; 15: 78-86 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24332238/
- 159 Fuchs CS, Tomasek J, Yong CJ. et al. Ramucirumab monotherapy for previously treated advanced gastric or gastro-oesophageal junction adenocarcinoma (REGARD): an international, randomised, multicentre, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet 2014; 383: 31-39 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24094768/
- 160 Wilke H, Muro K, Van Cutsem E. et al. Ramucirumab plus paclitaxel versus placebo plus paclitaxel in patients with previously treated advanced gastric or gastro-oesophageal junction adenocarcinoma (RAINBOW): a double-blind, randomised phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol 2014; 15: 1224-1235 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25240821/
- 161 Kato K, Cho BC, Takahashi M. et al. Nivolumab versus chemotherapy in patients with advanced oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma refractory or intolerant to previous chemotherapy (ATTRACTION-3): a multicentre, randomised, open-label, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol 2019; 20: 1506-1517 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31582355
- 162 Sgourakis G, Gockel I, Karaliotas C. et al. Survival after chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy versus self-expanding metal stent insertion in the setting of inoperable esophageal cancer: a case-control study. BMC.Cancer 2012; 12: 70 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22336151/
- 163 Javed A, Pal S, Dash NR. et al. Palliative stenting with or without radiotherapy for inoperable esophageal carcinoma: a randomized trial. J Gastrointest.Cancer 2012; 43: 63-69 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20835926/
- 164 Amdal CD, Jacobsen AB, Sandstad B. et al. Palliative brachytherapy with or without primary stent placement in patients with oesophageal cancer, a randomised phase III trial. Radiother Oncol 2013; 107: 428-433 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23647761/
- 165 Homs MY, Steyerberg EW, Eijkenboom WM. et al. Single-dose brachytherapy versus metal stent placement for the palliation of dysphagia from oesophageal cancer: multicentre randomised trial. Lancet 2004; 364: 1497-1504 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15500894/
- 166 Sgourakis G, Gockel I, Radtke A. et al. The use of self-expanding stents in esophageal and gastroesophageal junction cancer palliation: a meta-analysis and meta-regression analysis of outcomes. Dig.Dis.Sci 2010; 55: 3018-3030 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20440646/
- 167 Lu YF, Chung CS, Liu CY. et al. Esophageal Metal Stents with Concurrent Chemoradiation Therapy for Locally Advanced Esophageal Cancer: Safe or Not?. Oncologist 2018; 23: 1426-1435 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29728468
- 168 Ribeiro MSI, da Costa Martins B, Simas de Lima M. et al. Self-expandable metal stent for malignant esophagorespiratory fistula: predictive factors associated with clinical failure. Gastrointest Endosc 2018; 87: 390-396 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28964748
- 169 Dempster M, McCorry NK, Brennan E. et al. Psychological distress among survivors of esophageal cancer: the role of illness cognitions and coping. Dis Esophagus 2012; 25: 222-227 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21819485/
- 170 Djärv T, Lagergren P. Six-month postoperative quality of life predicts long-term survival after oesophageal cancer surgery. European journal of cancer 2011; 47: 530-535 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21074989/
- 171 Heijl M, Sprangers MG, Boer AEM. et al. Preoperative and Early Postoperative Quality of Life Predict Survival in Potentially Curable Patients with Esophageal Cancer. Annals of Surgical Oncology 2010; 17: 23-30 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19830496/
- 172 Gockel I, Gönner U, Domeyer M. et al. Long-term survivors of esophageal cancer: Disease-specific quality of life, general health and complications. Journal of Surgical Oncology 2010; 102: 516-522 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19877161/
- 173 NCCN practice guidelines for the management of psychosocial distress National Comprehensive Cancer Network. 1999
- 174 National Comprehensive Cancer Network Distress Management NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology. 2011
- 175 Herschbach PWJ. Screeningverfahren in der PsychoonkologieTestinstrumente zur Identifikation betreuungsbeduerftiger Krebspatienten. Dt. Krebsgesellschaft. 2010 ; http://www.krebsgesellschaft.de/download/pso_broschuere.pdf. URL: https://www.dapo-ev.de/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/pso_broschuere2.pdf
- 176 Mehnert A, Lehmann C, Cao P. et al. [Assessment of psychosocial distress and resources in oncology--a literature review about screening measures and current developments]. Psychother Psychosom Med Psychol 2006; 56: 462-479 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17160791/
- 177 Mitchell AJ. Short screening tools for cancer-related distress: a review and diagnostic validity meta-analysis. J Natl Compr Canc Netw 2010; 8: 487-494 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20410338/
- 178 Vodermaier A, Linden W, Siu C. Screening for emotional distress in cancer patients: a systematic review of assessment instruments. J Natl Cancer Inst 2009; 101: 1464-1488 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19826136/
- 179 Vodermaier A, Millman RD. Accuracy of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale as a screening tool in cancer patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Support Care Cancer 2011; 19: 1899-1908 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21898134/
- 180 Weis J, Schumacher A, Blettner G. Psychoonkologie: Konzepte und Aufgaben einer jungen Fachdisziplin. Der Onkologe 2007; 13: 185-194 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/262829754_Psychoonkologie_Konzepte_und_Aufgaben_einer_jungen_Fachdisziplin
- 181 Faller H, Schuler M, Richard M. et al. Effects of psycho-oncologic interventions on emotional distress and quality of life in adult patients with cancer: systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Oncol 2013; 31: 782-793 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23319686/
- 182 Hamano J, Morita T, Inoue S. et al. Surprise Questions for Survival Prediction in Patients With Advanced Cancer: A Multicenter Prospective Cohort Study. Oncologist 2015; 20 (07) 839-844 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26054631/
- 183 Moroni M, Zocchi D, Bolognesi D. et al. The “surprise” question in advanced cancer patients: A prospective study among general practitioners. Palliat Med 2014; 28 (07) 959-964 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24662237/
- 184 Murray S, Boyd K. Using the “surprise question” can identify people with advanced heart failure and COPD who would benefit from a palliative care approach. Palliat Med 2011; 25 (04) 382 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21610113/
- 185 Moss A, Lunney J, Culp S. et al. Prognostic significance of the “surprise” question in cancer patients. J Palliat Med 2010; 13 (07) 837-840 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20636154/
- 186 Schuler US, Hornemann B. Hoffnung und „double awareness“ in der palliativen Onkologie. Forum 2020; 35: 219 DOI: 10.1007/s12312-020-00782-3.
- 187 Chen C, Kuo S, Tang S. Current status of accurate prognostic awareness in advanced/terminally ill cancer patients: Systematic review and meta-regression analysis. Palliat Med 2017; 31 (05) 406-418 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27492160/
- 188 (Hrsg.) &ZfQidM. Kompendium Q-M-A. 2008
- 189 Donabedian A. Evaluating the quality of medical care. Milbank Mem.Fund Q 1966; 44: 166-206 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/5338568/
- 190 Ärztliches Zentrum für Qualität in der Medizin (ÄZQ). Manual Qualitätsindikatoren. 2009 ; 36: URL: http://www.aezq.de/aezq/publikationen/schriftenreihe
- 191 Low DE, Alderson D, Cecconello I. et al. International Consensus on Standardization of Data Collection for Complications Associated With Esophagectomy: Esophagectomy Complications Consensus Group (ECCG). Ann Surg 2015; 262: 286-294 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25607756
- 192 Vlayen J, De Gendt C, Stordeur S. et al. Quality indicators for the management of upper gastrointestinal cancer. 2013 https://kce.fgov.be/publication/report/quality-indicators-for-the-management-of-upper-gastrointestinal-cancer#.VRpuXeHbw20
- 193 Walters DM, McMurry TL, Isbell JM. et al Understanding mortality as a quality indicator after esophagectomy. Ann Thorac Surg 2014; 98: 506-511 ; discussion 511-2 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24841544/
- 194 Talsma AK, Lingsma HF, Steyerberg EW. et al. The 30-day versus in-hospital and 90-day mortality after esophagectomy as indicators for quality of care. Ann Surg 2014; 260: 267-273 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25350650/