Peroral endoscopic myotomy for multiple esophageal diverticula

A 65-year-old man presented with persistent heartburn and acid reflux for 1 month, and was diagnosed with multiple esophageal diverticula in our department ([Fig. 1]). Gastroscopy identified that two consecutive esophageal diverticula located 30 cm from the incisors. In recent years, endoscopic intervention was considered to be a better option for esophageal diverticulum compared with traditional surgical resection. This patient asked for treatment to alleviate symptoms. After informed consent was obtained, the esophageal diverticulum was treated using peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) under general anesthesia ([Video 1]).

Fig. 1 Gastroscopy showed the two consecutive esophageal diverticula.

Video 1 Peroral endoscopic myotomy technique for the treatment of two consecutive esophageal diverticula in a 65-year-old man.

The POEM procedure included four steps. First, submucosal injection of saline mixed with methylene blue was performed at 3 cm above the diverticular septum, and a 2-cm longitudinal mucosal incision was made at the tunnel entry with a DualKnife (Olympus, Tokyo, Japan) ([Fig. 2 a]). A submucosal longitudinal tunnel was created between the mucosal and muscular layers. The tunneling was created at both sides of the septum for both diverticula and ended 1–2 cm distal to the bottom of the diverticulum ([Fig. 2 b]). All muscle layers of both septa were dissected down to the bottom of the diverticulum and further into the normal esophageal muscle using a triangle-tip knife ([Fig. 2 c]). The tunnel entry was then closed with several clips ([Fig. 2 d]). The procedure was successfully performed without any adverse events, and the operation time was about 75 minutes.

Fig. 2 Endoscopic images of peroral endoscopic myotomy procedure in a patient with two consecutive esophageal diverticula. a Submucosal injection of saline mixed with methylene blue was performed at 3 cm above the diverticular septum, and a 2-cm longitudinal mucosal incision was made at the tunnel entry with a DualKnife (Olympus, Tokyo, Japan). b A submucosal longitudinal tunnel was created between the mucosal and muscular layers. To ensure sufficient operating space for the endoscopic myotomy, tunneling was created at both sides of the septum for both diverticula and ended 1–2 cm distal to the bottom of the diverticulum. c All muscle layers of the two septa were dissected down to the bottom of the diverticulum and further into the normal esophageal muscle using the triangle-tip knife. d The tunnel entry was then closed with several clips.

After the operation, a nasogastric tube was placed, and the patient was starved for 2 days followed by a semifluid diet or 1 week. The patient was discharged from hospital on Day 7 with symptoms resolved.

In 2010, POEM was first reported for treatment of achalasia [1]. So far, POEM has been applied to esophageal diverticulum [2]. It has been demonstrated that this technique is a minimally invasive, safe, and feasible approach for endoscopic myotomy of the esophageal muscle layer [3]. In the present case, we successfully treated two consecutive esophageal diverticula using POEM. Although an excellent short-term outcome was observed for treatment of multiple esophageal diverticula, further studies are still required to evaluate the long-term efficacy of POEM.

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Artikel online veröffentlicht:
08. April 2022

• References

• 1 Inoue H, Minami H, Kobayashi Y. et al. Peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) for esophageal achalasia. Endoscopy 2010; 42: 265-271
• 2 Sato H, Takeuchi M, Hashimoto S. et al. Esophageal diverticulum: new perspectives in the era of minimally invasive endoscopic treatment. World J Gastroenterol 2019; 25: 1457-1464
• 3 Yang J, Zeng X, Yuan X. et al. An international study on the use of peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) in the management of esophageal diverticula: the first multicenter D-POEM experience. Endoscopy 2019; 51: 346-349