Download PDF
Drug Res (Stuttg) 2022; 72(05): 284-293
DOI: 10.1055/a-1800-5956
Original Article

Solid Lipid Nanoparticles of Lepidium Sativum L Seed Extract: Formulation, Optimization and In vitro Cytotoxicity Studies

Asad Ahmad
1   Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
,
Heena Tabassum
2   Dr. D. Y. Patil Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Institute, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, Pune, India
,
Rabia Nabi
3   Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
,
Anuradha Mishra
1   Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
,
Iffat Zareen Ahmad
2   Dr. D. Y. Patil Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Institute, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, Pune, India
› Author Affiliations
› Further Information
Also available at
    Permissions and Reprints

Abstract

The current study focused on important bioactive compounds in plants that make them pharmacologically valuable. Therefore, this study was aimed to develop Lepidium sativum (L. sativum) seed extract loaded solid lipid nanoparticles and explore its cytotoxic effect on human liver cancer cells (HepG2 cells). The ethanolic extract of L. sativam used to develop L. sativum seed extract loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) for phytochemical profiling. The L. sativum seed extract loaded SLNs were efficaciously prepared by the nanoprecipitation method and screened on the basis of physicochemical properties. The L. sativum seed extract loaded SLN-2 was characterized using various parameters like particle size (237.1±0.104), % entrapment efficiency (80±1.15), zeta potential (42.1±0.102) and % drug release (45% at the end 8 hours and release the entire amount in 12 h). The SLN-2 formulation was optimized based on the recipient factor, and SLN-2 was used to further evaluate the in vitro cytotoxicity of HepG2 cells in a dose-dependent manner by 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The IC50 value of SLN2 was 52.37 ug/ml and sub IC50 26.1 ug/ml at 24 h and 48 h, respectively. Thus, we concluded that L. sativum extract loaded SLN-2 could act as an alternative therapy, possibly controlling therapeutic action by making a substantial reduction in side effects.

Key words

L. sativum - Anticancer - SLN - Liver cancer


Publication History

Received: 11 January 2022

Accepted: 06 March 2022

Article published online:
03 May 2022

© 2022. Thieme. All rights reserved.

Georg Thieme Verlag
Rüdigerstraße 14, 70469 Stuttgart, Germany

 

  • References

  • 1 Mukherjee S, Ray S, Thakur RS. Solid lipid nanoparticles: A modern formulation approach in drug delivery system. Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2009; 71: 349-358
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 2 Badilli U, Gumustas M, Uslu B. et al. Lipid-based nanoparticles for dermal drug delivery. Organic Materials as Smart Nanocarriers for. Drug Delivery 2018; 369-413
    PubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 3 Waghmare A, Grampurohit N, Gadhave M. et al. Solid lipid nanoparticles: a promising drug delivery system. Int J Pharm Res 2012; 3: 100-107
    PubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 4 De Jong WH, Borm PJ. Drug delivery and nanoparticles: applications and hazards. Int J Nanomedicine 2008; 3: 133-149
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 5 Jević NS, Ilić MD, Matić IZ. et al. Identification of phenolic compounds from seed coats of differently colored european varieties of pea (Pisum sativum l.) and characterization of their antioxidant and in vitro anticancer activities. Nutr cancer 2016; 68: 988-1000
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 6 Greenwell M, Rahman PKSM. Medicinal plants: their use in anticancer treatment. Inter J Pharm Sci Res 2015; 6: 4103-4112
    PubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 7 Raish M, Ahmad A, Alkharfy KM. et al. Hepatoprotective activity of Lepidium sativum seeds against D-galactosamine/lipopolysaccharide induced hepatotoxicity in animal model. BMC complementary altern med 2016; 16: 1-11
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 8 Metcalfe L, Schmitz AA, Pelka J. Rapid preparation of fatty acid esters from lipids for gas chromatographic analysis. Anal Chem 1966; 38: 514-515
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 9 Sethi PD. High-performance thin layer chromatography. 1996. 1st Edn. Vol. X CBS Publishers and Distributers; New Delhi: 1-56
    Search in Google Scholar
  • 10 Wagner H, Bladt S. Plant drug analysis a thin layer chromatography atlas. 1984. 2nd Edn. Springer-Verlag; Germany:
    Search in Google Scholar
  • 11 Chorny M, Fishbein I, Danenberg HD. et al. Lipophilic drug loaded nanospheres prepared by nanoprecipitation: effect of formulation variables on size, drug recovery and release kinetics. J control release 2002; 83: 389-400
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 12 Mason TG, Wilking JN, Meleson K. et al. Nanoemulsions: formation, structure and physical properties. J Condens Matter Phys 2006; 18: R635-R666
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 13 Kokate CK, Purohit AP, Gokhale SB. Pharmacognosy. Nirali Prakashan 2008; 42: 1156-1158
    PubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 14 Parveen R, Ahmad S, Baboota S. et al. Stability-indicating HPTLC method for quantitative estimation of silybin in bulk drug and pharmaceutical dosage form. Biomed chromatogr 2010; 24: 639-647
    PubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 15 Yang SC, Zhu JB, Lu Y. et al. Body distribution of camptothecin solid lipid nanoparticles after oral administration. Pharm Res 1999; 16: 751-757
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 16 Mukherjee S, Ray S, Thakur RS. The current status of solid lipid nanoparticles. Pharmabit 2007; 1: 53-60
    PubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 17 Neelam J, Arunabha B, Amit G. Novel interpenetrating polymer network microspheres of lepidium sativum and polyvinyl alcohol for the controlled release of simvastatin. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci 2013; 5: 125-130
    PubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 18 Gil MI, Tomás-Barberán FA, Hess-Pierce B. et al. Antioxidant activity of pomegranate juice and its relationship with phenolic composition and processing. J Agric Food Chem 2000; 48: 4581-4589
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 19 Fraga M, Laux M, Rejane dos Santos G. et al. Evaluation of the toxicity of oligonucleotide/cationic nanoemulsion complexes on Hep G2 cells through MTT assay. Die Pharmazie-An Intern. J Pharm Sci 2008; 63: 667-670
    PubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 20 Besufekad Y, Beri S, Adugnaw T. et al. Antibacterial activity of Ethiopian Lepidium sativum L. against pathogenic bacteria. J Med Plant Res 2018; 12: 64-68
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 21 Chatoui K, Talbaoui A, Aneb M. et al. Phytochemical screening, antioxidant and antibacterial activity of Lepidium sativum seeds from Morocco. J Mater Environ Sci 2016; 7: 2938-2946
    PubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 22 Yohanes AK, Fatimawati F, Wiyono WI. Isolation and identification of flavonoid compounds in beluntas leaves (Pluchea indica L.). Pharmacon 2015; 1: 42-57
    PubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 23 Sunyoto AA. Isolation and identification flavonoids rhizome of lengkuas merah (Alpinia galanga, Linn) by thin layer chromatography. CERATA Jurnal Ilmu Farmasi 2013; 4: 20-30
    PubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 24 Mann PS, Vyas AK. Effect of sowing dates and nitrogen levels on growth and nutrient uptake by isabgol (Plantago ovata). Ann Agric Sci 1999; 20: 517-518
    PubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 25 Singh VP, Singh M, Singh DV. Growth, yield and quality of peppermint (Mentha x piperita L.) as influenced by planting time. J Herbs Spices Med Plants 1997; 5: 33-39
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 26 Alba K, Laws AP, Kontogiorgos V. Isolation and characterization of acetylated LM-pectins extracted from okra pods. Food hydrocoll 2015; 43: 726-735
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 27 Razavi SMA, Cui SW, Guo Q. et al. Some physicochemical properties of sage (Salvia macrosiphon) seed gum. Food hydrocoll 2014; 35: 453-462
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 28 Kang J, Cui SW, Chen J. et al. New studies on gum ghatti (Anogeissus latifolia) part I. Fractionation, chemical and physical characterization of the gum. Food hydrocoll 2011; 25: 1984-1990
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 29 Pardeshi C, Rajput P, Belgamwar V. et al. Solid lipid based nanocarriers: an overview. Acta Pharm 2012; 62: 433-472
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 30 Zur Mühlen A, Schwarz C, Mehnert W. Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) for controlled drug delivery – drug release and release mechanism. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 1998; 45: 149-155
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 31 Jain AK, Jain A, Garg NK. et al. Adapalene loaded solid lipid nanoparticles gel: an effective approach for acne treatment. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2014; 121: 222-222
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 32 Yasin U, Bilal M, Bashir H. et al. Preparation and nanoencapsulation of lectin from lepidium sativum on chitosan-tripolyphosphate nanoparticle and their cytotoxicity against hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HepG2). Biomed Res Int 2020; 2020: 1-11
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar