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DOI: 10.1055/a-1825-1556
Entscheidungshilfen zu präventiven Handlungsalternativen für BRCA1/2-Mutationsträgerinnen: eine systematische Übersicht
Decision Aids for Preventive Treatment Alternatives for BRCA1/2 Mutation Carriers: a Systematic ReviewZusammenfassung
Einleitung Frauen mit einer pathogenen BRCA1/2-Mutation haben ein deutlich erhöhtes Lebenszeitrisiko, an Brust- und/oder Eierstockkrebs zu erkranken. Als derzeitige präventive Handlungsalternativen werden ein intensiviertes Brustkrebs-Früherkennungsprogramm und risikoreduzierende Operationen angeboten. Vor der Entscheidung für eine Option müssen medizinische und persönliche Faktoren wie die Lebenssituation und individuelle Präferenzen sorgfältig abgewogen werden. Um BRCA1/2-Mutationsträgerinnen während ihres Entscheidungsfindungsprozesses zu unterstützen, werden international Entscheidungshilfen eingesetzt. In dieser Studie werden diese erstmals strukturiert analysiert und auf ihre Übertragbarkeit auf den deutschen Kontext geprüft.
Material und Methoden Es wurden eine systematische Literaturrecherche in 5 elektronischen Datenbanken sowie eine Handsuche durchgeführt. Die identifizierten Entscheidungshilfen wurden bezüglich formaler Kriterien, medizinischer Inhalte und ihrer Qualität bewertet. Die qualitative Bewertung erfolgte mithilfe der Kriterien der International Patient Decision Aid Standards Collaboration (IPDASi v4.0), mit denen verschiedene Dimensionen überprüft wurden (z. B. Informationen, Wahrscheinlichkeiten, Wertevorstellungen).
Ergebnisse Es wurden 20 Entscheidungshilfen eingeschlossen, die zwischen 2003 und 2019 in Australien (n = 4), Großbritannien (n = 3), Kanada (n = 2), den Niederlanden (n = 2) und den USA (n = 9) veröffentlicht wurden. Neun richten sich an BRCA1/2-Mutationsträgerinnen, 11 schließen weitere Risikogruppen ein. 18 beinhalten als Entscheidungsoptionen risikoreduzierende Operationen, 14 benennen Früherkennungsverfahren für Brust- und/oder Eierstockkrebs, 13 beschreiben die Möglichkeit der medikamentösen Prävention mittels selektiver Östrogenrezeptor-Modulatoren oder Aromatase-Inhibitoren. Neun der 20 Entscheidungshilfen erfüllen grundlegende Qualitätskriterien (IPDASiv 4.0-Qualifizierungskriterien).
Schlussfolgerung Formal können internationale Entscheidungshilfen als Grundlage für eine deutsche Entscheidungshilfe für BRCA1/2-Mutationsträgerinnen dienen. Inhaltlich weichen sie teils deutlich von den Empfehlungen deutscher Leitlinien ab. Nur wenige erreichen eine hohe Qualität.
Abstract
Introduction Women with a pathogenic BRCA1/2 mutation have a markedly increased lifetime risk of developing breast and/or ovarian cancer. The current preventive treatment alternatives that are offered are an intensified breast cancer screening programme and risk-reducing operations. Before deciding on one option, medical and personal factors such as life situation and individual preferences must be weighed carefully. Decision aids are used internationally to support BRCA1/2 mutation carriers during their decision-making process. In this study these are analysed structurally for the first time and their applicability to the German context is examined.
Material and Methods A systematic literature search in five electronic databases and a manual search were performed. The identified decision aids were evaluated with regard to formal criteria, medical content and quality. The qualitative assessment used the criteria of the International Patient Decision Aid Standards Collaboration (IPDASi v4.0), which examined various dimensions (e. g., information, probabilities, values).
Results Twenty decision aids, which were published between 2003 and 2019 in Australia (n = 4), the United Kingdom (n = 3), Canada (n = 2), the Netherlands (n = 2) and the USA (n = 9), were included. Nine focus on BRCA1/2 mutation carriers and eleven include other risk groups. Eighteen include risk-reducing operations as decision options, 14 list screening methods for breast and/or ovarian cancer, and 13 describe the possibility of pharmacological prevention by means of selective oestrogen receptor modulators or aromatase inhibitors. Nine of the 20 decision aids meet fundamental quality criteria (IPDASiv 4.0 qualification criteria).
Conclusion International decision aids can serve formally as a basis for a German decision aid for BRCA1/2 mutation carriers. Some of them differ markedly in content from the recommendations of German guidelines. Only a few achieve a high quality.
Schlüsselwörter
BRCA1 - BRCA2 - Entscheidungshilfe - familiärer Brustkrebs - familiärer EierstockkrebsPublication History
Received: 07 August 2020
Accepted: 29 November 2020
Article published online:
10 June 2022
© 2021. Thieme. All rights reserved.
Georg Thieme Verlag KG
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