Vegetative Innervation des Abdomens: Immunsystem, Schmerz, Mikrobiom

Das vegetative Nervensystem hält für die Bauchorgane mit dem Parasympathikus und dem Sympathikus 2 zentrale und für das Darmrohr zusätzlich mit dem Auerbach- und Meissner-Plexus 2 periphere Versorgungseinheiten bereit. Die beiden Letzteren werden als enterisches Nervensystem zusammengefasst, das autonom den Darm steuern kann. Diese Steuerung ist vom Mikrobiom des Darms abhängig und für zahlreiche Pathologien grundlegend. Die beiden extrinsischen Einheiten kontrollieren auch das Abwehrsystem der Bauchorgane, deren Immunzellen für den direkten Kontakt mit Aktivität modulierenden Rezeptoren ausgestattet sind. Eine weitere wichtige Rolle der vegetativen Innervation liegt in der Nozizeption, die als wesentlicher Regulator für Entzündungen weit mehr als nur ein Alarmsystem ist. Bei der Nozizeption gibt es keine klare Trennung von der Propriozeption.

Publication History

Article published online:
16 November 2022

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