CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · Horm Metab Res 2022; 54(08): 503-509
DOI: 10.1055/a-1878-9566
Review

Diabetes and COVID-19: Short- and Long-Term Consequences

Charlotte Steenblock 
1   Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
,
Mohamed Hassanein
2   Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Dubai Hospital, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
,
Emran G. Khan
3   Endocrinology and Diabetology, King’s College Hospital London, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
,
Mohamad Yaman
4   Building 6, Nesmah Technology, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
,
Margrit Kamel
1   Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
,
Mahmoud Barbir
5   Department of Cardiology, Harefield Hospital, Harefield, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
,
Dietrich E. Lorke
6   Department of Anatomy and Cellular Biology, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
,
John A. Rock
7   College of Medicine & Health Sciences, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
,
Dean Everett
8   Department of Pathology and Infectious Diseases, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
,
Saqipi Bejtullah
9   Research Unit, College Heimerer, Prishtina, Republic of Kosovo
,
Adrian Heimerer
9   Research Unit, College Heimerer, Prishtina, Republic of Kosovo
,
Ermal Tahirukaj
1   Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
,
Petrit Beqiri
9   Research Unit, College Heimerer, Prishtina, Republic of Kosovo
,
Stefan R. Bornstein
1   Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
10   School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine and Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, London, UK
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Abstract

When the corona pandemic commenced more than two years ago, it was quickly recognized that people with metabolic diseases show an augmented risk of severe COVID-19 and an increased mortality compared to people without these comorbidities. Furthermore, an infection with SARS-CoV-2 has been shown to lead to an aggravation of metabolic diseases and in single cases to new-onset metabolic disorders. In addition to the increased risk for people with diabetes in the acute phase of COVID-19, this patient group also seems to be more often affected by long-COVID and to experience more long-term consequences than people without diabetes. The mechanisms behind these discrepancies between people with and without diabetes in relation to COVID-19 are not completely understood yet and will require further research and follow-up studies during the following years. In the current review, we discuss why patients with diabetes have this higher risk of developing severe COVID-19 symptoms not only in the acute phase of the disease but also in relation to long-COVID, vaccine breakthrough infections and re-infections. Furthermore, we discuss the effects of lockdown on glycemic control.

Key words

diabetes mellitus type 1 - diabetes mellitus type 2 - COVID-19 - metabolic syndrome - long-COVID


Publication History

Received: 16 March 2022

Accepted after revision: 04 April 2022

Accepted Manuscript online:
20 June 2022

Article published online:
09 August 2022

© 2022. The Author(s). This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonDerivative-NonCommercial-License, permitting copying and reproduction so long as the original work is given appropriate credit. Contents may not be used for commercial purposes, or adapted, remixed, transformed or built upon. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

Georg Thieme Verlag KG
Rüdigerstraße 14, 70469 Stuttgart, Germany

 

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