Download PDF
physiopraxis 2022; 20(09): 24-32
DOI: 10.1055/a-1891-8609
Therapie

Physiologie des Gehens und der Haltungskontrolle

Klaus Jahn
› Further Information
Also available at
    Permissions and Reprints

Aufrechtes Stehen und Gehen sind bei Gesundheit so selbstverständliche Fähigkeiten, dass sie nebenbei gelingen. Im Fall von Erkrankungen verdeutlicht sich die Komplexität der Haltungskontrolle. Dieser Beitrag zeigt, welche Aspekte für Gleichgewicht und Gang wichtig sind. Das Verständnis dafür, was im Einzelfall gestört ist, bildet die Voraussetzung für eine gezielte und erfolgreiche Therapie.



Publication History

Article published online:
19 September 2022

© 2022. Thieme. All rights reserved.

Georg Thieme Verlag KG
Rüdigerstraße 14, 70469 Stuttgart, Germany

 

  • Literatur

  • 1 Jahn K, Zwergal A, Schniepp R. Gait disturbances in old age: Classification, diagnosis, and treatment from a neurological perspective. Dtsch Arztebl Int 2010; 107: 306-315
    Search in Google Scholar
  • 2 Studenski S, Perera S, Patel K. et al Gait speed and survival in older adults. JAMA 2011; 305: 50-58
    Search in Google Scholar
  • 3 Agrawal Y, Carey JP, Della Santina CC. et al Disorders of balance and vestibular function in US adults: Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2001–2004. Arch Intern Med 2009; 169: 938-944
    Search in Google Scholar
  • 4 Masud T, Morris RO. Epidemiology of falls. Age Ageing 2001; 30 (Suppl. 04) 3-7
    Search in Google Scholar
  • 5 Jahn K, Kressig RW, Bridenbaugh SA. et al Dizziness and unstable gait in old age: Etiology, diagnosis and treatment. Dtsch Arztebl Int 2015; 112: 387-393
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 6 Ambrose AF, Paul G, Hausdorff JM. Risk factors for falls among older adults: A review of the literature. Maturitas 2013; 75: 51-61
    Search in Google Scholar
  • 7 Verghese J, Ambrose AF, Lipton RB. et al Neurological gait abnormalities and risk of falls in older adults. J Neurol 2010; 257: 392-398
    Search in Google Scholar
  • 8 Grillner S, Wallen P. Central pattern generators for locomotion, with special reference to vertebrates. Annu Rev Neurosci 1985; 08: 233-261
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 9 Grillner S. Biological pattern generation: The cellular and computational logic of networks in motion. Neuron 2006; 52: 751-766
    Search in Google Scholar
  • 10 Dietz V. Spinal cord pattern generators for locomotion. Clin Neurophysiol 2003; 114: 1379-1389
    Search in Google Scholar
  • 11 Dietz V. Do human bipeds use quadrupedal coordination?. Trends Neurosci 2002; 25: 462-467
    Search in Google Scholar
  • 12 Grillner S. Neuronal networks in motion from ion channels to behaviour. An R Acad Nac Med (Madr) 2006; 123: 297-298
    Search in Google Scholar
  • 13 Jahn K, Deutschländer A, Stephan T. et al Imaging human supraspinal locomotor centers in brainstem and cerebellum. Neuroimage 2008; 39: 786-792
    Search in Google Scholar
  • 14 Jahn K, Deutschländer A, Stephan T. et al Brain activation patterns during imagined stance and locomotion in functional magnetic resonance imaging. Neuroimage 2004; 22: 1722-1731
    Search in Google Scholar
  • 15 Jahn K, Deutschländer A, Stephan T. et al Supraspinal locomotor control in quadrupeds and humans. Prog Brain Res 2008; 171: 353-362
    Search in Google Scholar
  • 16 Brandt T, Strupp M, Benson J. You are better off running than walking with acute vestibulopathy. Lancet 1999; 354: 746
    Search in Google Scholar
  • 17 Jahn K, Strupp M, Schneider E. et al Differential effects of vestibular stimulation on walking and running. Neuroreport 2000; 11: 1745-1748
    Search in Google Scholar
  • 18 Schniepp R, Wuehr M, Neuhaeusser M. et al Locomotion speed determines gait variability in cerebellar ataxia and vestibular failure. Mov Disord 2012; 27: 125-131
    Search in Google Scholar
  • 19 Wuehr M, Schniepp R, Schlick C. et al Sensory loss and walking speed related factors for gait alterations in patients with peripheral neuropathy. Gait Posture 2014; 39: 852-858
    Search in Google Scholar
  • 20 Schniepp R, Huppert A, Decker J. et al Fall prediction in neurological gait disorders: Differential contributions from clinical assessment, gait analysis, and daily-life mobility monitoring. J Neurol 2021
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 21 Rossignol S, Dubuc R, Gossard JP. Dynamic sensorimotor interactions in locomotion. Physiol Rev 2006; 86: 89-154
    Search in Google Scholar
  • 22 Jahn K, Wuehr M. Postural control mechanisms in mammals, including humans. In: Fritzsch B, Straka H, eds. The Senses: A Comprehensive Reference. Amsterdam: Elsevier; 2020
    Search in Google Scholar
  • 23 Maurer C, Mergner T, Peterka RJ. Multisensory control of human upright stance. Exp Brain Res 2006; 171: 231-250
    Search in Google Scholar
  • 24 Zingler VC, Cnyrim C, Jahn K. et al Causative factors and epidemiology of bilateral vestibulopathy in 255 patients. Ann Neurol 2007; 61: 524-532
    Search in Google Scholar
  • 25 Paulus WM, Straube A, Brandt T. Visual stabilization of posture. Physiological stimulus characteristics and clinical aspects. Brain 1984; 107 Pt 4 1143-1163
    Search in Google Scholar
  • 26 Jahn K, Strupp M, Schneider E. et al Visually induced gait deviations during different locomotion speeds. Exp Brain Res 2001; 141: 370-374
    Search in Google Scholar
  • 27 Zelenin PV, Lyalka VF, Orlovsky GN. et al Changes in activity of spinal postural networks at different time points after spinalization. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13: 387
    Search in Google Scholar
  • 28 Zwergal A, Linn J, Xiong G. et al Aging of human supraspinal locomotor and postural control in fMRI. Neurobiol Aging 2012; 33: 1073-1084
    Search in Google Scholar
  • 29 Verghese J, Annweiler C, Ayers E. et al Motoric cognitive risk syndrome: Multicountry prevalence and dementia risk. Neurology 2014; 83: 718-726
    Search in Google Scholar
  • 30 Beauchet O, Allali G, Annweiler C. et al Association of motoric cognitive risk syndrome with brain volumes: Results from the GAIT study. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2016; 71: 1081-1088
    Search in Google Scholar
  • 31 Beauchet O, Annweiler C, Callisaya ML. et al Poor gait performance and prediction of dementia: Results from a metaanalysis. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2016; 17: 482-490
    Search in Google Scholar
  • 32 Reelick MF, van Iersel MB, Kessels RP. et al The influence of fear of falling on gait and balance in older people. Age Ageing 2009; 38: 435-440
    Search in Google Scholar
  • 33 Kumar A, Delbaere K, Zijlstra GA. et al Exercise for reducing fear of falling in older people living in the community: Cochrane systematic review and meta-analysis. Age Ageing 2016; 45: 345-352
    Search in Google Scholar
  • 34 Verghese J, Wang C, Lipton RB. et al Motoric cognitive risk syndrome and the risk of dementia. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2013; 68: 412-418
    Search in Google Scholar
  • 35 Jahn K, Freiberger E, Eskofier BM. et al Balance and mobility in geriatric patients: Assessment and treatment of neurological aspects. Z Gerontol Geriatr 2019; 52: 316-323
    Search in Google Scholar
  • 36 Trombetti A, Hars M, Herrmann FR. et al Effect of music-based multitask training on gait, balance, and fall risk in elderly people: A randomized controlled trial. Arch Intern Med 2011; 171: 525-533
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 37 Bridenbaugh SA, Kressig RW. Motor cognitive dual tasking: Early detection of gait impairment, fall risk and cognitive decline. Z Gerontol Geriatr 2015; 48: 15-21
    Search in Google Scholar